我们的应用程序将大量数据存储在内存中,存储在多种不同类型的地图中,以便快速查找。为了保持简单(不考虑原始贴图),它始终是一个带有一个或多个键的贴图。性能对我们来说是一个很大的要求。
我想找到性能最好的地图实现,正如这里建议的那样,我比较了这些实现:
>
Map<K1, Map<K2, Map<K3, V>>>
java中的包装键(元组作为键)。util。哈希图
Map<Triple<K1, K2, K3>, V>
元组作为网络中的键。openhft。科洛博克。收集地图搞砸HashObjObjMap,根据这一点,它应该是最快的地图之一。
HashObjObjMap<Triple<K1, K2, K3>, V>
Benchmark Mode Cnt Score Error Units
TupleVsNestedMapsBenchmark.benchGetFromNestedMap avgt 20 11.586 ± 0.205 ns/op
TupleVsNestedMapsBenchmark.benchGetFromTupleKolobokeMap avgt 20 18.619 ± 0.113 ns/op
TupleVsNestedMapsBenchmark.benchGetFromTupleMap avgt 20 8.985 ± 0.085 ns/op
TupleVsNestedMapsBenchmark.benchPutToNestedMap avgt 20 15.106 ± 0.142 ns/op
TupleVsNestedMapsBenchmark.benchPutToTupleKolobokeMap avgt 20 22.533 ± 0.335 ns/op
TupleVsNestedMapsBenchmark.benchPutToTupleMap avgt 20 8.884 ± 0.084 ns/op
@OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS)
@BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
@OperationsPerInvocation(100000)
@Fork(1)
@Warmup(iterations = 10)
@Measurement(iterations = 20)
public class TupleVsNestedMapsBenchmark {
public static final int N = 10000;
static ObjObjObjObjHashMap<String, String, String, Integer> sourceNestedMap = new ObjObjObjObjHashMap<>();
static Map<Triple<String, String, String>, Integer> sourceTupleMap = new HashMap<>();
static HashObjObjMap<Triple<String, String, String>, Integer> sourceTupleKMap = HashObjObjMaps.newMutableMap();
static {
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
sourceNestedMap.put("a-" + i, "b-" + i, "c-" + i, i);
sourceTupleMap.put(ImmutableTriple.of("a-" + i, "b-" + i, "c-" + i), i);
sourceTupleKMap.put(ImmutableTriple.of("a-" + i, "b-" + i, "c-" + i), i);
}
}
@Benchmark
public List<Integer> benchGetFromNestedMap() {
return benchmarkGet(sourceNestedMap::get);
}
@Benchmark
public List<Integer> benchGetFromTupleMap() {
return benchmarkGet(((key1, key2, key3) -> sourceTupleMap.get(ImmutableTriple.of(key1, key2, key3))));
}
@Benchmark
public List<Integer> benchGetFromTupleKolobokeMap() {
return benchmarkGet(((key1, key2, key3) -> sourceTupleKMap.get(ImmutableTriple.of(key1, key2, key3))));
}
@Benchmark
public ObjObjObjObjHashMap<String, String, String, Integer> benchPutToNestedMap() {
ObjObjObjObjHashMap<String, String, String, Integer> map = new ObjObjObjObjHashMap<>();
benchmarkPut(map::put);
return map;
}
@Benchmark
public Map<Triple<String, String, String>, Integer> benchPutToTupleMap() {
Map<Triple<String, String, String>, Integer> map = new HashMap<>();
benchmarkPut((key1, key2, key3, value) -> map.put(ImmutableTriple.of(key1, key2, key3), value));
return map;
}
@Benchmark
public Map<Triple<String, String, String>, Integer> benchPutToTupleKolobokeMap() {
HashObjObjMap<Triple<String, String, String>, Integer> map = HashObjObjMaps.newMutableMap();
benchmarkPut((key1, key2, key3, value) -> map.put(ImmutableTriple.of(key1, key2, key3), value));
return map;
}
private List<Integer> benchmarkGet(MapValueSupplier<Integer> mapValueSupplier) {
List<Integer> result = new ArrayList<>(N);
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
result.add(mapValueSupplier.supply("a-" + i, "b-" + i, "c-" + i));
}
return result;
}
private void benchmarkPut(PutValueFunction<Integer> putValueFunction) {
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
putValueFunction.apply("a-" + i, "b-" + i, "c-" + i, i);
}
}
private interface MapValueSupplier<T> {
T supply(String key1, String key2, String key3);
}
private interface PutValueFunction<T> {
void apply(String key1, String key2, String key3, T value);
}
}
注意:请不要建议使用原始地图。整数as(value)只是廉价对象的一个例子。
基于@leventov的好建议,我更改了Benchmark并尝试了缓存哈希码(并且具有更好的分发)的Triple实现-测试被命名为Tuple2。
@State(Scope.Thread)
@OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS)
@BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
@OperationsPerInvocation(TupleVsNestedMapsBenchmark.TOTAL_OPS)
@Fork(1)
@Warmup(iterations = 5)
@Measurement(iterations = 20)
public class TupleVsNestedMapsBenchmark {
static final int N = 30;
static final int TOTAL_OPS = N * N * N;
private ObjObjObjObjHashMap<String, String, String, Integer> sourceNestedMap;
private Map<Triple<String, String, String>, Integer> sourceTupleMap;
private HashObjObjMap<Triple<String, String, String>, Integer> sourceTupleKMap;
private Map<Triple<String, String, String>, Integer> sourceTuple2Map;
private HashObjObjMap<Triple<String, String, String>, Integer> sourceTuple2KMap;
private String[] keys;
@Setup
public void init() {
sourceNestedMap = new ObjObjObjObjHashMap<>();
sourceTupleMap = new HashMap<>(TOTAL_OPS);
sourceTupleKMap = HashObjObjMaps.newMutableMap(TOTAL_OPS);
sourceTuple2Map = new HashMap<>(TOTAL_OPS);
sourceTuple2KMap = HashObjObjMaps.newMutableMap(TOTAL_OPS);
keys = new String[N];
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
keys[i] = "k" + i;
}
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < N; j++) {
for (int k = 0; k < N; k++) {
sourceNestedMap.put(keys[i], keys[j], keys[k], i);
sourceTupleMap.put(ImmutableTriple.of(keys[i], keys[j], keys[k]), i);
sourceTupleKMap.put(ImmutableTriple.of(keys[i], keys[j], keys[k]), i);
sourceTuple2Map.put(ImmutableTriple2.of(keys[i], keys[j], keys[k]), i);
sourceTuple2KMap.put(ImmutableTriple2.of(keys[i], keys[j], keys[k]), i);
}
}
}
}
@Benchmark
public List<Integer> benchGetFromNestedMap() {
return benchmarkGet(sourceNestedMap::get);
}
@Benchmark
public List<Integer> benchGetFromTupleMap() {
return benchmarkGet(((key1, key2, key3) -> sourceTupleMap.get(ImmutableTriple.of(key1, key2, key3))));
}
@Benchmark
public List<Integer> benchGetFromTupleKolobokeMap() {
return benchmarkGet(((key1, key2, key3) -> sourceTupleKMap.get(ImmutableTriple.of(key1, key2, key3))));
}
@Benchmark
public List<Integer> benchGetFromTuple2Map() {
return benchmarkGet(((key1, key2, key3) -> sourceTuple2Map.get(ImmutableTriple2.of(key1, key2, key3))));
}
@Benchmark
public List<Integer> benchGetFromTuple2KolobokeMap() {
return benchmarkGet(((key1, key2, key3) -> sourceTuple2KMap.get(ImmutableTriple2.of(key1, key2, key3))));
}
@Benchmark
public ObjObjObjObjHashMap<String, String, String, Integer> benchPutToNestedMap() {
ObjObjObjObjHashMap<String, String, String, Integer> map = new ObjObjObjObjHashMap<>();
benchmarkPut(map::put);
return map;
}
@Benchmark
public Map<Triple<String, String, String>, Integer> benchPutToTupleMap() {
Map<Triple<String, String, String>, Integer> map = new HashMap<>();
benchmarkPut((key1, key2, key3, value) -> map.put(ImmutableTriple.of(key1, key2, key3), value));
return map;
}
@Benchmark
public Map<Triple<String, String, String>, Integer> benchPutToTupleKolobokeMap() {
HashObjObjMap<Triple<String, String, String>, Integer> map = HashObjObjMaps.newMutableMap();
benchmarkPut((key1, key2, key3, value) -> map.put(ImmutableTriple.of(key1, key2, key3), value));
return map;
}
@Benchmark
public Map<Triple<String, String, String>, Integer> benchPutToTuple2Map() {
Map<Triple<String, String, String>, Integer> map = new HashMap<>();
benchmarkPut((key1, key2, key3, value) -> map.put(ImmutableTriple2.of(key1, key2, key3), value));
return map;
}
@Benchmark
public Map<Triple<String, String, String>, Integer> benchPutToTuple2KolobokeMap() {
HashObjObjMap<Triple<String, String, String>, Integer> map = HashObjObjMaps.newMutableMap();
benchmarkPut((key1, key2, key3, value) -> map.put(ImmutableTriple2.of(key1, key2, key3), value));
return map;
}
private List<Integer> benchmarkGet(MapValueSupplier<Integer> mapValueSupplier) {
List<Integer> result = new ArrayList<>(TOTAL_OPS);
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < N; j++) {
for (int k = 0; k < N; k++) {
Integer value = mapValueSupplier.supply(keys[i], keys[j], keys[k]);
result.add(value);
}
}
}
return result;
}
private void benchmarkPut(PutValueFunction<Integer> putValueFunction) {
Integer value = 1;
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < N; j++) {
for (int k = 0; k < N; k++) {
putValueFunction.apply(keys[i], keys[j], keys[k], value);
}
}
}
}
private interface MapValueSupplier<T> {
T supply(String key1, String key2, String key3);
}
private interface PutValueFunction<T> {
void apply(String key1, String key2, String key3, T value);
}
}
结果如下:
Benchmark Mode Cnt Score Error Units
TupleVsNestedMapsBenchmark.benchGetFromNestedMap avgt 20 24.524 ± 0.144 ns/op
TupleVsNestedMapsBenchmark.benchGetFromTuple2KolobokeMap avgt 20 65.604 ± 1.135 ns/op
TupleVsNestedMapsBenchmark.benchGetFromTuple2Map avgt 20 22.653 ± 0.745 ns/op
TupleVsNestedMapsBenchmark.benchGetFromTupleKolobokeMap avgt 20 34824.901 ± 1718.183 ns/op
TupleVsNestedMapsBenchmark.benchGetFromTupleMap avgt 20 2565.835 ± 57.402 ns/op
TupleVsNestedMapsBenchmark.benchPutToNestedMap avgt 20 43.160 ± 0.340 ns/op
TupleVsNestedMapsBenchmark.benchPutToTuple2KolobokeMap avgt 20 237.300 ± 3.362 ns/op
TupleVsNestedMapsBenchmark.benchPutToTuple2Map avgt 20 40.952 ± 0.535 ns/op
TupleVsNestedMapsBenchmark.benchPutToTupleKolobokeMap avgt 20 52315.769 ± 399.769 ns/op
TupleVsNestedMapsBenchmark.benchPutToTupleMap avgt 20 3205.538 ± 44.306 ns/op
三元组作为抽象是可以的(至少,我看不出明显更好的替代方案,您可以重写Apache Commons的Triple
抽象类来定义更好的hashCode()
函数)。
final class ImmutableTriple<L, M, R> extends Triple<L, M, R> {
public final L left;
public final M middle;
public final R right;
private int h;
public static <L, M, R> ImmutableTriple<L, M, R> of(L left, M middle, R right) {
return new ImmutableTriple(left, middle, right);
}
public ImmutableTriple(L left, M middle, R right) {
this.left = left;
this.middle = middle;
this.right = right;
}
public L getLeft() {
return this.left;
}
public M getMiddle() {
return this.middle;
}
public R getRight() {
return this.right;
}
private int innerHash() {
int h = left.hashCode();
h *= 1000003;
h += middle.hashCode();
h *= 1000003;
h += right.hashCode();
return (int) LongHashFunction.murmur_3().hashInt(h);
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
return h != 0 ? h : (h = innerHash());
}
}
你的基准问题清单如下:
@Setup
方法和@State
s[更新问题的答案。]
嗯,基准仍然存在问题:
>
State
生命周期时,您应该将state对象作为参数传递给benhcmark方法(请参阅下面的代码)。基准测试put()
s应该以不同的方式进行:1)在@Setup方法中,应该创建集合(具有足够的容量
或size
参数)2)在另一个@Setup(Level.调用)
方法中,您应该调用collection.clear()
3)在基准测试方法中测量纯put()
s
在基准测试方法中,您仍然会进行大量分配。这可能是您的情况,但它隐藏了集合性能贡献。
所以,我写的是:
package tests;
import net.openhft.koloboke.collect.map.hash.HashObjObjMap;
import net.openhft.koloboke.collect.map.hash.HashObjObjMaps;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.tuple.Triple;
import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.*;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
@OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS)
@BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
@Fork(1)
@Threads(1)
@Warmup(iterations = 10)
@Measurement(iterations = 20)
@State(Scope.Thread)
public class SoMultiMap {
public static final int N = Integer.getInteger("runs", 100000);
private static final double kbk = Double.parseDouble(System.getProperty("kbk", "1.0"));
static class ImmutableTriple<L, M, R> extends Triple<L, M, R> {
public final L left;
public final M middle;
public final R right;
private int h;
public static <L, M, R> ImmutableTriple<L, M, R> of(L left, M middle, R right) {
return new ImmutableTriple(left, middle, right);
}
public ImmutableTriple(L left, M middle, R right) {
this.left = left;
this.middle = middle;
this.right = right;
}
public L getLeft() {
return this.left;
}
public M getMiddle() {
return this.middle;
}
public R getRight() {
return this.right;
}
private int innerHash() {
int h = left.hashCode();
h *= 1000003;
h += middle.hashCode();
h *= 1000003;
h += right.hashCode();
return h * 1000003;
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
return h != 0 ? h : (h = innerHash());
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
if (!(obj instanceof ImmutableTriple))
return super.equals(obj);
ImmutableTriple triple = (ImmutableTriple) obj;
if (h != 0 && triple.h != 0 && h != triple.h)
return false;
return super.equals(obj);
}
}
ImmutableTriple<String, String, String>[] keys = new ImmutableTriple[N];
Integer[] values = new Integer[N];
Map<Triple<String, String, String>, Integer> sourceTupleMap;
HashObjObjMap<Triple<String, String, String>, Integer> sourceTupleKMap;
@Setup
public void fill() {
sourceTupleMap = new HashMap<>((int) (N / 0.75));
sourceTupleKMap = HashObjObjMaps.newUpdatableMap((int) (N * kbk));
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
keys[i] = ImmutableTriple.of("a-" + i, "b-" + i, "c-" + i);
values[i] = i;
sourceTupleKMap.put(keys[i], values[i]);
sourceTupleMap.put(keys[i], values[i]);
}
}
@Benchmark
public int tupleHashMapGet(SoMultiMap st) {
ImmutableTriple<String, String, String>[] keys = st.keys;
Map<Triple<String, String, String>, Integer> map = st.sourceTupleMap;
int s = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
s += map.get(keys[i]);
}
return s;
}
@Benchmark
public int tupleKolobokeGet(SoMultiMap st) {
ImmutableTriple<String, String, String>[] keys = st.keys;
HashObjObjMap<Triple<String, String, String>, Integer> map = st.sourceTupleKMap;
int s = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
s += map.get(keys[i]);
}
return s;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
SoMultiMap st = new SoMultiMap();
st.fill();
st.tupleKolobokeGet(st);
st.tupleHashMapGet(st);
}
}
现在有趣的是结果:
使用Java 7u55:
HashMap: 65 +- 6 ns/op
Koloboke: 46 +- 2
Java8u51:
HashMap: 42 +- 0.5
Koloboke: 49 +- 1
因此,我们有一些虚拟机的变化,介于两者之间,这使得HashMap
大大加快,而Koloboke
maps稍微慢一点。这需要调查,我现在没有时间。看见https://github.com/OpenHFT/Koloboke/issues/42
另外,请注意以下几点:
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考虑下面两个片段(从这个JSPIF条目): 这里,是一个,是一个普通的老JavaScript对象(),而
有两张数据表,通过第三张数据表来表示关联关系,我们称之为多对多的映射 如上图,通过一个中间数据表的两个字段,分别指向两个对象的主键,可以实现多对多映射。所以,Pet.foods(一个 List<Food>) 或者 Food.pets(一个List<Pet>)就是多对多映射。 在 POJO 中配置多对多映射 在 POJO 类中字段中增加注解 @ManyMany: @Table("t_food")
persistenceException:DB2 SQL错误:sqlcode=-206,sqlstate=42703,sqlerrmc=t0.id,driver=3.52.95{prepstmnt 1029586270
我有多个数组映射。 我想从多个地图中获取重复地图键的列表。 例如 除了遍历所有地图键,检查集合是否包含键,如果不将键添加到集合中,我想不出任何更干净的方法。有没有办法通过streams来实现这一点?