urllib和“ssl:certificate_verify_failed”错误

Question

Exception in thread Thread-3:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/threading.py", line 810, in        __bootstrap_inner
self.run()
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/threading.py", line 763, in  run
self.__target(*self.__args, **self.__kwargs)
File "/Users/Matthew/Desktop/Skypebot 2.0/bot.py", line 271, in process
info = urllib2.urlopen(req).read()
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 154, in urlopen
return opener.open(url, data, timeout)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 431, in open
response = self._open(req, data)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 449, in _open
'_open', req)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 409, in _call_chain
result = func(*args)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 1240, in https_open
context=self._context)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 1197, in do_open
raise URLError(err)
URLError: <urlopen error [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:581)>

if input.startswith("!web"):
    input = input.replace("!web ", "")      
    url = "https://domainsearch.p.mashape.com/index.php?name=" + input
    req = urllib2.Request(url, headers={ 'X-Mashape-Key': 'XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX' })
    info = urllib2.urlopen(req).read()
    Message.Chat.SendMessage ("" + info)

Answer 1

如果只想绕过验证，可以创建一个新的SSLContext。默认情况下，新创建的上下文使用CERT_NONE。

如第17.3.7.2.1节所述，对此要小心

直接调用SSLContext构造函数时，CERT_NONE是默认值。由于它不对其他对等体进行身份验证，因此它可能是不安全的，尤其是在客户端模式下，在这种模式下，大多数时间您都希望确保与之对话的服务器的真实性。因此，当处于客户端模式时，强烈建议使用CERT_REQUIRED。

input = input.replace("!web ", "")      
url = "https://domainsearch.p.mashape.com/index.php?name=" + input
req = urllib2.Request(url, headers={ 'X-Mashape-Key': 'XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX' })
gcontext = ssl.SSLContext()  # Only for gangstars
info = urllib2.urlopen(req, context=gcontext).read()
Message.Chat.SendMessage ("" + info)

import ssl

# This restores the same behavior as before.
context = ssl._create_unverified_context()
urllib.urlopen("https://no-valid-cert", context=context)

它还通过monkeypatching提供了一个非常不受欢迎的选项,这在Python中是不常见的：

import ssl

ssl._create_default_https_context = ssl._create_unverified_context

该函数用创建未经验证的上下文的函数重写上下文创建的默认函数。

请按照PEP中的说明注意：