在没有至少一个TestEngine的情况下无法创建启动器；考虑在JUnit5中向类路径添加一个引擎实现JAR

Question

Failed to execute goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-surefire-plugin:2.19:test (default-test) on project CRUD-App: Execution default-test of goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-surefire-plugin:2.19:test failed: There was an error in the forked process
org.junit.platform.commons.util.PreconditionViolationException: Cannot create Launcher without at least one TestEngine; consider adding an engine implementation JAR to the classpath
   at org.junit.platform.commons.util.Preconditions.condition(Preconditions.java:161)
   at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.<init>(DefaultLauncher.java:52)
   at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.LauncherFactory.create(LauncherFactory.java:42)
   at org.junit.platform.surefire.provider.JUnitPlatformProvider.invoke(JUnitPlatformProvider.java:59)
   at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ForkedBooter.invokeProviderInSameClassLoader(ForkedBooter.java:286)
   at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ForkedBooter.runSuitesInProcess(ForkedBooter.java:240)
   at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ForkedBooter.main(ForkedBooter.java:121)

<dependencies>
    ...
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit5-api</artifactId>
        <version>5.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
    <plugins>        
        <plugin>
            <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>2.19</version>
            <dependencies>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.junit.platform</groupId>
                    <artifactId>junit-platform-surefire-provider</artifactId>
                    <version>1.0.0-M2</version>
                </dependency>
            </dependencies>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

测试类：

public class PersonServiceTest {

    final Database database = Database.from("jdbc:h2:mem:" + App.DB_NAME);

    final PersonService personService = new PersonService(database);

    public PersonServiceTest() {
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("@Person#insert()")
    public void testInsert() {
        personService.insert(new PersonBuilder()
                .setId(1).setName("Bhuwan")
                .setAddress("KTM")
                .setContactNo("984849").createPerson()
        );
    }

}

Maven目标:MVN测试

Answer 1

将ALPHA快照工件（即org.junit:junit5-api:5.0.0-snapshot)与M2工件（即org.junit.platform:junit-platform-surefire-provider:1.0.0-M2)混合是行不通的。

用户指南中的Maven部分建议从junit5-maven-consumer项目中查看pom.xml。如果您遵循该示例，您将得到如下所示的结果。

<properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    <junit.jupiter.version>5.0.0-M2</junit.jupiter.version>
    <junit.platform.version>1.0.0-M2</junit.platform.version>
</properties>

<build>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>3.1</version>
            <configuration>
                <source>${java.version}</source>
                <target>${java.version}</target>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
            <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>2.19</version>
            <dependencies>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.junit.platform</groupId>
                    <artifactId>junit-platform-surefire-provider</artifactId>
                    <version>${junit.platform.version}</version>
                </dependency>
            </dependencies>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit-jupiter-api</artifactId>
        <version>${junit.jupiter.version}</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
        <version>${junit.jupiter.version}</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

要编写测试，您只需要junit-jupiter-api；但是，为了运行测试，必须在类路径上有TestEngine。因此，对于JUnit Jupiter，在类路径上也需要junit-jupiter-engine。

正如Nicolai Parlog指出的，您可以添加junit-jupiter-engine作为maven-surefire-plugin的依赖项；但是，这将不包括IDE的类路径中的JupiterTestEngine。

如果您只是通过Maven或使用IntelliJ2016的最新测试版（它内置了对JUnit5的支持）运行测试，那么您可能并不关心JupiterTestEngine是否位于IDE中的类路径上。但是...如果您使用的是Eclipse、NetBeans或IntelliJ的非测试版，那么您肯定也需要IDE中类路径上的JupiterTestEngine。

问候，