错误使用pip安装mysqlclient，找不到用于-lssl的库

Question

我在MacOS上运行mysql@8.x版本，我已经用brew安装了mysql和mysql-connector-o。目前与mysql的brew链接。

在我的python3虚拟环境中运行Django项目时，我收到以下错误-

django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Error loading MySQLdb module: No module named 'MySQLdb'.
Did you install mysqlclient or MySQL-python?

并在使用pip安装mysqlclient时，出现以下错误

clang -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -Wunreachable-code -fno-common -dynamic -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -isysroot /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.13.sdk -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.13.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Tk.framework/Versions/8.5/Headers -Dversion_info=(1,3,13,'final',0) -D__version__=1.3.13 -I/usr/local/Cellar/mysql/8.0.12/include/mysql -I/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.6.5/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/include/python3.6m -c _mysql.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.13-x86_64-3.6/_mysql.o
clang -bundle -undefined dynamic_lookup -isysroot /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.13.sdk build/temp.macosx-10.13-x86_64-3.6/_mysql.o -L/usr/local/Cellar/mysql/8.0.12/lib -lmysqlclient -lssl -lcrypto -o build/lib.macosx-10.13-x86_64-3.6/_mysql.cpython-36m-darwin.so
ld: library not found for -lssl
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
error: command 'clang' failed with exit status 1

----------------------------------------
Command "/Volumes/Samsung_T5/Work/python/repos/venv3/bin/python3.6 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/private/tmp/pip-install-kf2fkhtc/mysqlclient/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /private/tmp/pip-record-qwpjjw3e/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /Volumes/Samsung_T5/Work/python/repos/venv3/bin/../include/site/python3.6/mysqlclient" failed with error code 1 in /private/tmp/pip-install-kf2fkhtc/mysqlclient/

Answer 1

正如jordanm所指出的，问题恰恰与缺少的openssl库有关，为此，我按照以下步骤修复了我的问题-

1. 安装openssl

   brew install openssl
   

2. 现在 pip install mysqlclient应该可以工作了。

如果没有，仍然显示相同的错误library not found for -lssl，您也可以尝试链接brew的openssl：

    env LDFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include -L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib" pip install mysqlclient

如果仍然无法执行，则可能需要使用pip的–no-cache选项，例如

    env LDFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include -L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib" pip --no-cache install mysqlclient