Java 2D游戏图形

Question

下学期，我们有一个团队中的Java应用程序模块。该模块的要求是制作游戏。在圣诞节假期里，我一直在做一些练习，但是我想不出绘制图形的最佳方法。

我正在使用Java
Graphics2D对象在屏幕上绘制形状，并repaint()每秒调用30次，但这非常闪烁。有没有更好的方法来绘制Java中的高性能2D图形？

Answer 1

您想要做的是创建一个带有BufferStrategy的canvas组件并对其进行渲染，下面的代码应该向您展示它的工作原理，我在这里从我自己编写的Engine中提取了代码。

性能完全取决于您要绘制的内容，我的游戏大多使用图像。在大约1500个像素的情况下，我仍然在480x480分辨率下达到200
FPS以上。禁用帧限制时，只有100张图像，而我达到了6k FPS。

我创建的一个小游戏（该游戏一次在屏幕上约有120张图像）可以在此处找到（是的，下面的方法也可以作为applet正常工作。）

import java.awt.Canvas;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.GraphicsConfiguration;
import java.awt.GraphicsEnvironment;
import java.awt.Toolkit;
import java.awt.Transparency;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
import java.awt.image.BufferStrategy;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;

import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.WindowConstants;

public class Test extends Thread {
    private boolean isRunning = true;
    private Canvas canvas;
    private BufferStrategy strategy;
    private BufferedImage background;
    private Graphics2D backgroundGraphics;
    private Graphics2D graphics;
    private JFrame frame;
    private int width = 320;
    private int height = 240;
    private int scale = 1;
    private GraphicsConfiguration config =
            GraphicsEnvironment.getLocalGraphicsEnvironment()
                .getDefaultScreenDevice()
                .getDefaultConfiguration();

    // create a hardware accelerated image
    public final BufferedImage create(final int width, final int height,
            final boolean alpha) {
        return config.createCompatibleImage(width, height, alpha
                ? Transparency.TRANSLUCENT : Transparency.OPAQUE);
    }

    // Setup
    public Test() {
        // JFrame
        frame = new JFrame();
        frame.addWindowListener(new FrameClose());
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.DO_NOTHING_ON_CLOSE);
        frame.setSize(width * scale, height * scale);
        frame.setVisible(true);

        // Canvas
        canvas = new Canvas(config);
        canvas.setSize(width * scale, height * scale);
        frame.add(canvas, 0);

        // Background & Buffer
        background = create(width, height, false);
        canvas.createBufferStrategy(2);
        do {
            strategy = canvas.getBufferStrategy();
        } while (strategy == null);
        start();
    }

    private class FrameClose extends WindowAdapter {
        @Override
        public void windowClosing(final WindowEvent e) {
            isRunning = false;
        }
    }

    // Screen and buffer stuff
    private Graphics2D getBuffer() {
        if (graphics == null) {
            try {
                graphics = (Graphics2D) strategy.getDrawGraphics();
            } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
                return null;
            }
        }
        return graphics;
    }

    private boolean updateScreen() {
        graphics.dispose();
        graphics = null;
        try {
            strategy.show();
            Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().sync();
            return (!strategy.contentsLost());

        } catch (NullPointerException e) {
            return true;

        } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
            return true;
        }
    }

    public void run() {
        backgroundGraphics = (Graphics2D) background.getGraphics();
        long fpsWait = (long) (1.0 / 30 * 1000);
        main: while (isRunning) {
            long renderStart = System.nanoTime();
            updateGame();

            // Update Graphics
            do {
                Graphics2D bg = getBuffer();
                if (!isRunning) {
                    break main;
                }
                renderGame(backgroundGraphics); // this calls your draw method
                // thingy
                if (scale != 1) {
                    bg.drawImage(background, 0, 0, width * scale, height
                            * scale, 0, 0, width, height, null);
                } else {
                    bg.drawImage(background, 0, 0, null);
                }
                bg.dispose();
            } while (!updateScreen());

            // Better do some FPS limiting here
            long renderTime = (System.nanoTime() - renderStart) / 1000000;
            try {
                Thread.sleep(Math.max(0, fpsWait - renderTime));
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                Thread.interrupted();
                break;
            }
            renderTime = (System.nanoTime() - renderStart) / 1000000;

        }
        frame.dispose();
    }

    public void updateGame() {
        // update game logic here
    }

    public void renderGame(Graphics2D g) {
        g.setColor(Color.BLACK);
        g.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);
    }

    public static void main(final String args[]) {
        new Test();
    }
}