部署应用程序（ Deploying Applications）

在上一章中，我们学习了如何打包应用程序并将其部署到文件夹。

在本章中，我们将把Web应用程序直接部署到应用程序服务器部署文件夹，然后我们将添加一些Ant目标来启动和停止服务。 让我们继续使用Hello World传真Web应用程序。 这是前一章的延续，新组件以bold突出bold 。

build.properties

# Ant properties for building the springapp
appserver.home = c:\\install\\apache-tomcat-7.0.19
# for Tomcat 5 use $appserver.home}/server/lib
# for Tomcat 6 use $appserver.home}/lib
appserver.lib = ${appserver.home}/lib
deploy.path = ${appserver.home}/webapps
tomcat.manager.url = http://www.iowiki.com:8080/manager
tomcat.manager.username = iowiki
tomcat.manager.password = secret

build.xml

<?xml version = "1.0"?>
<project name = "fax" basedir = "." default = "usage">
   <property file = "build.properties"/>
   <property name = "src.dir" value = "src"/>
   <property name = "web.dir" value = "war"/>
   <property name = "javadoc.dir" value = "doc"/>
   <property name = "build.dir" value = "${web.dir}/WEB-INF/classes"/>
   <property name = "name" value = "fax"/>
   <path id = "master-classpath">
      <fileset dir = "${web.dir}/WEB-INF/lib">
         <include name = "*.jar"/>
      </fileset>
   <pathelement path = "${build.dir}"/>
   </path>
   <target name = "javadoc">
      <javadoc packagenames = "faxapp.*" sourcepath = "${src.dir}" 
         destdir = "doc" version = "true" windowtitle = "Fax Application">
         <doctitle><![CDATA[<h1> =  Fax Application  =  </h1>]]></doctitle>
         <bottom><![CDATA[Copyright © 2011. All Rights Reserved.]]></bottom>
         <group title = "util packages" packages = "faxapp.util.*"/>
         <group title = "web packages" packages = "faxapp.web.*"/>
         <group title = "data packages" packages = "faxapp.entity.*:faxapp.dao.*"/>
      </javadoc>
   </target>
   <target name = "usage">
      <echo message = ""/>
      <echo message = "${name} build file"/>
      <echo message = "-----------------------------------"/>
      <echo message = ""/>
      <echo message = "Available targets are:"/>
      <echo message = ""/>
      <echo message = "deploy    --> Deploy application as directory"/>
      <echo message = "deploywar --> Deploy application as a WAR file"/>
      <echo message = ""/>
   </target>
   <target name = "build" description = "Compile main source tree java files">
      <mkdir dir = "${build.dir}"/>
      <javac destdir = "${build.dir}" source = "1.5" target = "1.5" debug = "true"
         deprecation = "false" optimize = "false" failonerror = "true">
         <src path = "${src.dir}"/>
         <classpath refid = "master-classpath"/>
      </javac>
   </target>
   <target name = "deploy" depends = "build" description = "Deploy application">
      <copy todir = "${deploy.path}/${name}" 
         preservelastmodified = "true">
         <fileset dir = "${web.dir}">
            <include name = "**/*.*"/>
         </fileset>
      </copy>
   </target>
   <target name = "deploywar" depends = "build" description =
      "Deploy application as a WAR file">
      <war destfile = "${name}.war" webxml = "${web.dir}/WEB-INF/web.xml">
         <fileset dir = "${web.dir}">
            <include name = "**/*.*"/>
         </fileset>
      </war>
      <copy todir = "${deploy.path}" preservelastmodified = "true">
         <fileset dir = ".">
            <include name = "*.war"/>
         </fileset>
      </copy>
   </target>
   <target name = "clean" description = "Clean output directories">
      <delete>
         <fileset dir = "${build.dir}">
            <include name = "**/*.class"/>
         </fileset>
      </delete>
   </target>
   <!-- ============================================================ -->
   <!-- Tomcat tasks -->
   <!-- ============================================================ -->
   <path id = "catalina-ant-classpath">
      <!-- We need the Catalina jars for Tomcat -->
      <!--  * for other app servers - check the docs -->
      <fileset dir = "${appserver.lib}">
         <include name = "catalina-ant.jar"/>
      </fileset>
   </path>
   <taskdef name = "install" classname = "org.apache.catalina.ant.InstallTask">
      <classpath refid = "catalina-ant-classpath"/>
   </taskdef>
   <taskdef name = "reload" classname = "org.apache.catalina.ant.ReloadTask">
      <classpath refid = "catalina-ant-classpath"/>
   </taskdef>
   <taskdef name = "list" classname = "org.apache.catalina.ant.ListTask">
      <classpath refid = "catalina-ant-classpath"/>
   </taskdef>
   <taskdef name = "start" classname = "org.apache.catalina.ant.StartTask">
      <classpath refid = "catalina-ant-classpath"/>
   </taskdef>
   <taskdef name = "stop" classname = "org.apache.catalina.ant.StopTask">
      <classpath refid = "catalina-ant-classpath"/>
   </taskdef>
   <target name = "reload" description = "Reload application in Tomcat">
      <reload url = "${tomcat.manager.url}"username = "${tomcat.manager.username}"
         password = "${tomcat.manager.password}" path = "/${name}"/>
   </target>
</project>

在这个例子中，我们使用Tomcat作为我们的应用服务器。 首先，在构建属性文件中，我们定义了一些其他属性。

• appserver.home指向Tomcat应用程序服务器的安装路径。

• appserver.lib指向Tomcat安装文件夹中的库文件。

• deploy.path变量现在指向Tomcat中的webapp文件夹。

可以使用Tomcat管理器应用程序停止和启动Tomcat中的应用程序。 管理器应用程序的URL，用户名和密码也在build.properties文件中指定。 接下来，我们声明一个包含catalina-ant.jar的新CLASSPATH。 需要此jar文件才能通过Apache Ant执行Tomcat任务。

catalina-ant.jar提供以下任务 -

重新加载任务需要以下附加参数 -

• 管理器应用程序的URL
• 用于重新启动Web应用程序的用户名
• 重启Web应用程序的密码
• 要重新启动的Web应用程序的名称

让我们发出deploy-war命令将webapp复制到Tomcat webapps文件夹，然后让我们重新加载Fax Web应用程序。 以下结果是运行Ant文件的结果 -

C:\>ant deploy-war
Buildfile: C:\build.xml
BUILD SUCCESSFUL
Total time: 6.3 seconds
C:\>ant reload
Buildfile: C:\build.xml
BUILD SUCCESSFUL
Total time: 3.1 seconds

运行上述任务后，将部署Web应用程序并重新加载Web应用程序。