Lock
java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock接口用作类似于synchronized块的线程同步机制。 新的锁定机制比同步块更灵活,提供更多选项。 Lock和synchronized块之间的主要区别如下 -
Guarantee of sequence - 同步块不提供任何顺序保证,等待线程将被授予访问权限。 锁接口处理它。
No timeout - 如果未授予锁定,则同步块No timeout选项。 Lock接口提供了这样的选项。
Single method - 同步块必须完全包含在单个方法中,而锁定接口的方法lock()和unlock()可以在不同的方法中调用。
锁定方法
以下是Lock类中可用的重要方法列表。
Sr.No. | 方法和描述 |
---|---|
1 | public void lock() 获得锁。 |
2 | public void lockInterruptibly() 除非当前线程被中断,否则获取锁定。 |
3 | public Condition newCondition() 返回绑定到此Lock实例的新Condition实例。 |
4 | public boolean tryLock() 只有在调用时它是空闲的才能获取锁。 |
5 | public boolean tryLock() 只有在调用时它是空闲的才能获取锁。 |
6 | public boolean tryLock(long time, TimeUnit unit) 如果在给定的等待时间内空闲并且当前线程未被中断,则获取锁。 |
7 | public void unlock() 释放锁定。 |
例子 (Example)
以下TestThread程序演示了Lock接口的一些这些方法。 在这里,我们使用lock()来获取锁定,并使用unlock()来释放锁定。
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
class PrintDemo {
private final Lock queueLock = new ReentrantLock();
public void print() {
queueLock.lock();
try {
Long duration = (long) (Math.random() * 10000);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
+ " Time Taken " + (duration/1000) + " seconds.");
Thread.sleep(duration);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
System.out.printf(
"%s printed the document successfully.\n", Thread.currentThread().getName());
queueLock.unlock();
}
}
}
class ThreadDemo extends Thread {
PrintDemo printDemo;
ThreadDemo(String name, PrintDemo printDemo) {
super(name);
this.printDemo = printDemo;
}
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.printf(
"%s starts printing a document\n", Thread.currentThread().getName());
printDemo.print();
}
}
public class TestThread {
public static void main(String args[]) {
PrintDemo PD = new PrintDemo();
ThreadDemo t1 = new ThreadDemo("Thread - 1 ", PD);
ThreadDemo t2 = new ThreadDemo("Thread - 2 ", PD);
ThreadDemo t3 = new ThreadDemo("Thread - 3 ", PD);
ThreadDemo t4 = new ThreadDemo("Thread - 4 ", PD);
t1.start();
t2.start();
t3.start();
t4.start();
}
}
这将产生以下结果。
输出 (Output)
Thread - 1 starts printing a document
Thread - 4 starts printing a document
Thread - 3 starts printing a document
Thread - 2 starts printing a document
Thread - 1 Time Taken 4 seconds.
Thread - 1 printed the document successfully.
Thread - 4 Time Taken 3 seconds.
Thread - 4 printed the document successfully.
Thread - 3 Time Taken 5 seconds.
Thread - 3 printed the document successfully.
Thread - 2 Time Taken 4 seconds.
Thread - 2 printed the document successfully.
我们在这里使用ReentrantLock类作为Lock接口的实现。 ReentrantLock类允许线程锁定方法,即使它已经锁定了其他方法。