State

它为状态机提供了一个模块，该模块使用从指定的状态机类派生的子类实现。 这些方法与状态无关，并导致使用装饰器声明的转换。

如何实现状态模式？

状态模式的基本实现如下所示 -

class ComputerState(object):
   name = "state"
   allowed = []
   def switch(self, state):
      """ Switch to new state """
      if state.name in self.allowed:
         print 'Current:',self,' => switched to new state',state.name
         self.__class__ = state
      else:
         print 'Current:',self,' => switching to',state.name,'not possible.'
   def __str__(self):
      return self.name
class Off(ComputerState):
   name = "off"
   allowed = ['on']
class On(ComputerState):
   """ State of being powered on and working """
   name = "on"
   allowed = ['off','suspend','hibernate']
class Suspend(ComputerState):
   """ State of being in suspended mode after switched on """
   name = "suspend"
   allowed = ['on']
class Hibernate(ComputerState):
   """ State of being in hibernation after powered on """
   name = "hibernate"
   allowed = ['on']
class Computer(object):
   """ A class representing a computer """
   def __init__(self, model='HP'):
      self.model = model
      # State of the computer - default is off.
      self.state = Off()
   def change(self, state):
      """ Change state """
      self.state.switch(state)
if __name__ == "__main__":
   comp = Computer()
   comp.change(On)
   comp.change(Off)
   comp.change(On)
   comp.change(Suspend)
   comp.change(Hibernate)
   comp.change(On)
   comp.change(Off)

输出 (Output)

上述程序生成以下输出 -