Supported File Transfer Protocols
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2023-12-01
WinSCP supports five transfer protocols:
- SFTP (SSH File Transfer Protocol);
- FTP (File Transfer Protocol);
- SCP (Secure Copy Protocol);
- WebDAV (Web Distributed Authoring and Versioning);
- S3 (Amazon S3).
Some servers support more than one of these protocols. This document contains a comparison to help you to decide which is most appropriate for your needs. The comparison describes both features that are characteristic to the specific protocol as-is, and features that are caused by the implementation of the protocol in WinSCP.
The default mode of operation is to use SFTP and fall back to SCP. Select your preferred protocol on Login dialog.
The list below shows only those features which differ between the protocols, so it is not complete listing.
| Feature | SFTP | FTP | WebDAV | SCP |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Security | Secure (SSH) | Optionally secure (Over TLS/SSL) | Secure (SSH). | |
| Speed | Generally slowest (encryption and necessity to wait for packet confirmations). | Generally fastest file transfer (no encryption and efficient file transfer), yet transfer setup is slow, so transfer of large number of small files can be slow. | Medium (encryption, but efficient file transfer, yet it does not allow the transfer to be interrupted). | |
| Transfer resume | Supported. WinSCP supports resuming only since SFTP-2 (which introduces rename command). | Supported. | Unsupported. | Unsupported by WinSCP. |
| Append to end of file | Supported. | Supported. Unsupported by WinSCP. | Unsupported. | Unsupported. |
| Transfer cancellation | Supported. | Supported, but can be time-consuming. | Supported. | Transfer cannot be canceled without termination of session. |
| Text (ASCII) transfer mode | Supported since SFTP-4. For older versions WinSCP emulates text mode by converting files before transfer. | Supported. | Unsupported. | Not supported by the protocol. WinSCP emulates text mode by converting file before transfer. |
| Directory operations | Recursive operations with directories (deletion, permissions change) must be performed separately for each file. Thus operations can take a long time, especially for directories with a large number of files. | Recursive operations with directories (deletion, permissions change), can be done with a single command (rm, chmod, etc). Thus they are quick. On the other hand it limits some functionality. | ||
| File renaming and moving | Supported since SFTP-2. | Supported. | Supported. | Supported (mv). |
| Direct File duplication | Unsupported by most SFTP servers. The server has to support SFTP extension copy-file (supported by ProFTPD/mod_sftp for example). WinSCP can open a separate shell session to duplicate the file instead. | WinSCP supports ProFTPD/mod_copy commands SITE CPFR/CPTO. No other FTP server supporting file duplication is known. | Supported. | Supported (cp). |
| Execution of arbitrary command | Unsupported by the protocol. WinSCP can open a separate shell session to execute the command. | Unsupported. WinSCP allows user to execute arbitrary protocol command. | Unsupported. | Supported as long as the command does not require user input. |
| Setting properties (time-stamp, permissions) of uploaded files | Supported. | Server needs to support MFMT extension. | Only few servers support setting time-stamp. | Supported. |
| Owner or group change | In SFTP-2 and SFTP-3, the owner and group can be changed only with knowledge of UID/GID. Since SFTP-4 even change using user or group name is allowed. | Supported (MFF). Unsupported by WinSCP. | Unsupported. | Supported (chown, chgrp). |
| Checksum calculation | Supported, if the server supports respective SFTP protocol extension. | Supported (HASH, XSHA1, XSHA256, XSHA512, MD5, XMD5, XCRC). | Unsupported. | Unsupported. |
| Checking disk usage | Supported, if the server supports respective SFTP protocol extension (SFTP-5 or proprietary OpenSSH extension statvfs@openssh.com). | Supported (AVBL, XQUOTA). Only new servers support it. | Only some servers support it. | Unsupported. Pre-defined custom command Disk Space Usage (df) can be used as an alternative. |
| Link creation | It is possible to create and edit symbolic links since SFTP-3. It is possible to create hard links, if the server supports respective SFTP protocol functionality (SFTP-6 or proprietary OpenSSH extension hardlink@openssh.com). | WinSCP supports ProFTPD/mod_site_misc command SITE SYMLINK. No other FTP server supporting link creation is known. | Unsupported. | It is possible to create both symbolic and hard links (ln). Symbolic links can be edited also. |
| User group list lookup | Unsupported. | Unsupported. | Unsupported. | Supported (groups). |
| Influence of environment variables | Generally unaffected by environment variables. | As WinSCP uses shell, it is influenced by environment variables (date format, etc.). WinSCP requires the English environment. See requirements. | ||
| Time zone and DST issues with file time-stamps | Theoretically no issues, as the protocol requires timestamps to be in UTC. Practically some of the SFTP servers have problems with DST. | Theoretically no issues, when the server supports MLSD command, as the comment requires timestamps to be in UTC. Practically some of the FTP servers have problems with DST. When the server supports LIST command only, behavior is undefined and time zone offset may need to be configured. | Theoretically no issues. | Some shell commands are influenced by daylight-saving time. For example, the ls command can return a different time than scp. Thus, after transfer, the time-stamp of the file can be different. Also there can be an additional difference caused by the server time zone offset. This causes trouble when comparing directories and synchronization. |
| Configuration | Generally, only login information is needed. | For a successful connection to a server it is often necessary to properly set up several configuration options on the SCP/Shell page of Advanced Site Settings dialog. | ||