where 查询条件

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2023-12-01

WHERE 语句

SQL中使用where可能会有一些不安全的动态参数传入或者一些复杂的SQL语句,但是Medoo提供非常简介和安全的方法来实现这些．

基础使用

在基础使用中. 你可以使用一些符号对参数进行过滤

$database->select("account", "user_name", [    "email" => "foo@bar.com"]);// WHERE email = 'foo@bar.com'$database->select("account", "user_name", [    "user_id" => 200]);// WHERE user_id = 200$database->select("account", "user_name", [    "user_id[>]" => 200]);// WHERE user_id > 200$database->select("account", "user_name", [    "user_id[>=]" => 200]);// WHERE user_id >= 200$database->select("account", "user_name", [    "user_id[!]" => 200]);// WHERE user_id != 200$database->select("account", "user_name", [    "age[]" => [200, 500]]);// WHERE age BETWEEN 200 AND 500$database->select("account", "user_name", [    "age[> [200, 500]]);// WHERE age NOT BETWEEN 200 AND 500// [><] 和 [] 可以用于 datetime$database->select("account", "user_name", [    "birthday[> [date("Y-m-d", mktime(0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 2015)), date("Y-m-d")]]);//WHERE `birthday` BETWEEN '2015-01-01' AND '2017-01-16' (now)// 你不仅可以使用字符串和数字，还可以使用数组$database->select("account", "user_name", [    "OR" => [        "user_id" => [2, 123, 234, 54],        "email" => ["foo@bar.com", "cat@dog.com", "admin@medoo.in"]    ]]);// WHERE// user_id IN (2,123,234,54) OR// email IN ('foo@bar.com','cat@dog.com','admin@medoo.in')// 多条件查询$database->select("account", "user_name", [    "AND" => [        "user_name[!]" => "foo",        "user_id[!]" => 1024,        "email[!]" => ["foo@bar.com", "cat@dog.com", "admin@medoo.in"],        "city[!]" => null,        "promoted[!]" => true    ]]);// WHERE// `user_name` != 'foo' AND// `user_id` != 1024 AND// `email` NOT IN ('foo@bar.com','cat@dog.com','admin@medoo.in') AND// `city` IS NOT NULL// `promoted` != 1// 或者嵌套 select() ak  get() 方法$database->select("account", "user_name", [    "user_id" => $database->select("post", "user_id", ["comments[>]" => 40])]);// WHERE user_id IN (2, 51, 321, 3431)

条件搜索

你可以使用"AND" 或 "OR" 来拼接非常复杂的SQL语句

// 基础使用$database->select("account", "user_name", [    "AND" => [        "user_id[>]" => 200,        "age[]" => [18, 25],        "gender" => "female"    ]]);// WHERE user_id > 200 AND age BETWEEN 18 AND 25 AND gender = 'female'$database->select("account", "user_name", [    "OR" => [        "user_id[>]" => 200,        "age[]" => [18, 25],        "gender" => "female"    ]]);// WHERE user_id > 200 OR age BETWEEN 18 AND 25 OR gender = 'female'// 复合条件$database->has("account", [    "AND" => [        "OR" => [            "user_name" => "foo",            "email" => "foo@bar.com"        ],        "password" => "12345"    ]]);// WHERE (user_name = 'foo' OR email = 'foo@bar.com') AND password = '12345'// 注意// 因为medoo使用的是数组传参，所以下面这种用法是错误的。$database->select("account", '*', [    "AND" => [        "OR" => [            "user_name" => "foo",            "email" => "foo@bar.com"        ],        "OR" => [            "user_name" => "bar",            "email" => "bar@foo.com"        ]    ]]);// [X] SELECT * FROM "account" WHERE ("user_name" = 'bar' OR "email" = 'bar@foo.com')// 正确的方式是使用如下方式定义复合条件$database->select("account", '*', [    "AND" => [  //实际应用时这儿可以使用AND或者OR        "OR" => [  //第一个条件            "user_name" => "foo",            "email" => "foo@bar.com"        ],        "OR" => [ //第二个条件            "user_name" => "bar",            "email" => "bar@foo.com"        ]    ]]);// SELECT * FROM "account"// WHERE (//  (//      "user_name" = 'foo' OR "email" = 'foo@bar.com'//  )//  AND//  (//      "user_name" = 'bar' OR "email" = 'bar@foo.com'//  )// )

模糊匹配 like

LIKE 使用语法 [~] .

// 默认情况下，使用%在前后包含关键词$database->select("person", "id", [    "city[~]" => "lon"]);WHERE "city" LIKE '%lon%'// 数组形式，查询多个关键词$database->select("person", "id", [    "city[~]" => ["lon", "foo", "bar"]]);WHERE "city" LIKE '%lon%' OR "city" LIKE '%foo%' OR "city" LIKE '%bar%'// 不包含 [!~]$database->select("person", "id", [    "city[!~]" => "lon"]);WHERE "city" NOT LIKE '%lon%'// 使用SQL自带的一些通配符// 你可以使用sql自带的一些通配符来完成较复杂的查询$database->select("person", "id", [    "city[~]" => "stan%" // Kazakhstan,  Uzbekistan, Türkmenistan]);$database->select("person", "id", [    "city[~]" => "Londo_" // London, Londox, Londos...]);$database->select("person", "id", [    "name[~]" => "[BCR]at" // Bat, Cat, Rat]);$database->select("person", "id", [    "name[~]" => "[!BCR]at" // Eat, Fat, Hat...]);

排序使用

$database->select("account", "user_id", [ 	// Single condition	"ORDER" => "user_id", 	// Multiple condition	"ORDER" => [		// Order by column with sorting by customized order.		"user_id" => [43, 12, 57, 98, 144, 1], 		// Order by column		"register_date", 		// Order by column with descending sorting		"profile_id" => "DESC", 		// Order by column with ascending sorting		"date" => "ASC"	]]);

全文检索

// [MATCH]$database->select("post_table", "post_id", [    "MATCH" => [        "columns" => ["content", "title"],        "keyword" => "foo"    ]]);// WHERE MATCH (content, title) AGAINST ('foo')

使用SQL函数

在一些特殊的情况下，你可能需要使用SQL系统函数，只需要字段名前加上#号即可

$data = $database->select('account', [    'user_id',    'user_name'], [    '#datetime' => 'NOW()']);// SELECT "user_id","user_name"// FROM "account"// WHERE "datetime" = NOW()// [IMPORTANT] Keep in mind that, the value will not be quoted should be matched as XXX() uppercase.// The following sample will be failed.$database->select('account', [    'user_id',    'user_name'], [    '#datetime2' => 'now()',    'datetime3' => 'NOW()',    '#datetime4' => 'NOW']);

其它参数

$database->select("account", "user_id", [    "GROUP" => "type",    // Must have to use it with GROUP together    "HAVING" => [        "user_id[>]" => 500    ],    // LIMIT => 20    "LIMIT" => [20, 100]]);//  SELECT user_id FROM account//  GROUP BY type//  HAVING user_id > 500//  LIMIT 20,100