Playbook基本语法 - 响应事件(Handler)
什么是handler?
每个主流的编程语言都会有event机制,那么handler就是playbook的event。
Handlers里面的每一个handler,也是对module的一次调用。而handlers与tasks不同,tasks会默认的按定义顺序执行每一个task,handlers则不会,它需要在tasks中被调用,才有可能被执行。
Tasks中的任务都是有状态的,changed或者ok。 在Ansible中,只在task的执行状态为changed的时候,才会执行该task调用的handler,这也是handler与普通的event机制不同的地方。
应用场景
什么情况下使用handlers呢?
如果你在tasks中修改了apache的配置文件。需要重起apache。此外还安装了apache的插件。那么还需要重起apache。像这样的应该场景中,重起apache就可以设计成一个handler.
一个handler最多只执行一次
在所有的任务里表执行之后执行,如果有多个task notify同一个handler,那么只执行一次。
在下面的例子里apache只执行一次
https://github.com/ansible-book/ansible-first-book-examples/blob/master/handlers_state.yml
---
- hosts: lb
remote_user: root
vars:
random_number1: "{{ 10000 | random }}"
random_number2: "{{ 10000000000 | random }}"
tasks:
- name: Copy the /etc/hosts to /tmp/hosts.{{ random_number1 }}
copy: src=/etc/hosts dest=/tmp/hosts.{{ random_number1 }}
notify:
- call in every action
- name: Copy the /etc/hosts to /tmp/hosts.{{ random_number2 }}
copy: src=/etc/hosts dest=/tmp/hosts.{{ random_number2 }}
notify:
- call in every action
handlers:
- name: call in every action
debug: msg="call in every action, but execute only one time"
action是Changed ,才会执行handler
只有当TASKS种的action的执行状态是changed时,才会触发notify handler的执行。
下面的脚本执行两次,执行结果是不同的:
第一次执行是,tasks的状态都是changed,会触发两个handler
第二次执行是,
- 第一个task的状态是OK,那么不会触发handlers”call by /tmp/hosts”,
- 第二个task的状态是changed,触发了handler”call by /tmp/hosts.random_number”
测试代码见:
---
- hosts: lb
remote_user: root
vars:
random_number: "{{ 10000 | random }}"
tasks:
- name: Copy the /etc/hosts to /tmp/hosts
copy: src=/etc/hosts dest=/tmp/hosts
notify:
- call by /tmp/hosts
- name: Copy the /etc/hosts to /tmp/hosts.{{ random_number }}
copy: src=/etc/hosts dest=/tmp/hosts.{{ random_number }}
notify:
- call by /tmp/hosts.random_number
handlers:
- name: call by /tmp/hosts
debug: msg="call first time"
- name: call by /tmp/hosts.random_number
debug: msg="call by /tmp/hosts.random_number"
按Handler的定义顺序执行
handlers是按照在handlers中定义个顺序执行的,而不是安装notify的顺序执行的。
下面的例子定义的顺序是1>2>3,notify的顺序是3>2>1,实际执行顺序:1>2>3.
---
- hosts: lb
remote_user: root
gather_facts: no
vars:
random_number1: "{{ 10000 | random }}"
random_number2: "{{ 10000000000 | random }}"
tasks:
- name: Copy the /etc/hosts to /tmp/hosts.{{ random_number1 }}
copy: src=/etc/hosts dest=/tmp/hosts.{{ random_number1 }}
notify:
- define the 3nd handler
- name: Copy the /etc/hosts to /tmp/hosts.{{ random_number2 }}
copy: src=/etc/hosts dest=/tmp/hosts.{{ random_number2 }}
notify:
- define the 2nd handler
- define the 1nd handler
handlers:
- name: define the 1nd handler
debug: msg="define the 1nd handler"
- name: define the 2nd handler
debug: msg="define the 2nd handler"
- name: define the 3nd handler
debug: msg="define the 3nd handler"