同时调试父进程和子进程
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2023-12-01
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(void) {
pid_t pid;
pid = fork();
if (pid < 0)
{
exit(1);
}
else if (pid > 0)
{
printf("Parent\n");
exit(0);
}
printf("Child\n");
return 0;
}
技巧
在调试多进程程序时,gdb默认只会追踪父进程的运行,而子进程会独立运行,gdb不会控制。以上面程序为例:
(gdb) start
Temporary breakpoint 1 at 0x40055c: file a.c, line 7.
Starting program: /data2/home/nanxiao/a
Temporary breakpoint 1, main () at a.c:7
7 pid = fork();
(gdb) n
8 if (pid < 0)
(gdb) Child
12 else if (pid > 0)
(gdb)
14 printf("Parent\n");
(gdb)
Parent
15 exit(0);
可以看到当单步执行到第8行时,程序打印出“Child” ,证明子进程已经开始独立运行。
如果要同时调试父进程和子进程,可以使用“set detach-on-fork off
”(默认detach-on-fork
是on
)命令,这样gdb就能同时调试父子进程,并且在调试一个进程时,另外一个进程处于挂起状态。仍以上面程序为例:
(gdb) set detach-on-fork off
(gdb) start
Temporary breakpoint 1 at 0x40055c: file a.c, line 7.
Starting program: /data2/home/nanxiao/a
Temporary breakpoint 1, main () at a.c:7
7 pid = fork();
(gdb) n
[New process 1050]
8 if (pid < 0)
(gdb)
12 else if (pid > 0)
(gdb) i inferior
Num Description Executable
2 process 1050 /data2/home/nanxiao/a
* 1 process 1046 /data2/home/nanxiao/a
(gdb) n
14 printf("Parent\n");
(gdb) n
Parent
15 exit(0);
(gdb)
[Inferior 1 (process 1046) exited normally]
(gdb)
The program is not being run.
(gdb) i inferiors
Num Description Executable
2 process 1050 /data2/home/nanxiao/a
* 1 <null> /data2/home/nanxiao/a
(gdb) inferior 2
[Switching to inferior 2 [process 1050] (/data2/home/nanxiao/a)]
[Switching to thread 2 (process 1050)]
#0 0x00007ffff7af6cad in fork () from /lib64/libc.so.6
(gdb) bt
#0 0x00007ffff7af6cad in fork () from /lib64/libc.so.6
#1 0x0000000000400561 in main () at a.c:7
(gdb) n
Single stepping until exit from function fork,
which has no line number information.
main () at a.c:8
8 if (pid < 0)
(gdb)
12 else if (pid > 0)
(gdb)
17 printf("Child\n");
(gdb)
Child
18 return 0;
(gdb)
在使用“set detach-on-fork off
”命令后,用“i inferiors
”(i
是info
命令缩写)查看进程状态,可以看到父子进程都在被gdb调试的状态,前面显示“*”是正在调试的进程。当父进程退出后,用“inferior infno
”切换到子进程去调试。
这个命令目前Linux支持,其它很多操作系统都不支持,使用时请注意。参见 gdb手册
此外,如果想让父子进程都同时运行,可以使用“set schedule-multiple on
”(默认schedule-multiple
是off
)命令,仍以上述代码为例:
(gdb) set detach-on-fork off
(gdb) set schedule-multiple on
(gdb) start
Temporary breakpoint 1 at 0x40059c: file a.c, line 7.
Starting program: /data2/home/nanxiao/a
Temporary breakpoint 1, main () at a.c:7
7 pid = fork();
(gdb) n
[New process 26597]
Child
可以看到打印出了“Child”,证明子进程也在运行了。
参见 gdb手册