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同时调试父进程和子进程

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2023-12-01
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main(void) {
    pid_t pid;

    pid = fork();
    if (pid < 0)
    {
        exit(1);
    }
    else if (pid > 0)
    {
        printf("Parent\n");
        exit(0);
    }
    printf("Child\n");
    return 0;
}

技巧

在调试多进程程序时,gdb默认只会追踪父进程的运行,而子进程会独立运行,gdb不会控制。以上面程序为例:

(gdb) start
Temporary breakpoint 1 at 0x40055c: file a.c, line 7.
Starting program: /data2/home/nanxiao/a

Temporary breakpoint 1, main () at a.c:7
7           pid = fork();
(gdb) n
8           if (pid < 0)
(gdb) Child

12          else if (pid > 0)
(gdb)
14              printf("Parent\n");
(gdb)
Parent
15              exit(0);

可以看到当单步执行到第8行时,程序打印出“Child” ,证明子进程已经开始独立运行。

如果要同时调试父进程和子进程,可以使用“set detach-on-fork off”(默认detach-on-forkon)命令,这样gdb就能同时调试父子进程,并且在调试一个进程时,另外一个进程处于挂起状态。仍以上面程序为例:

(gdb) set detach-on-fork off
(gdb) start
Temporary breakpoint 1 at 0x40055c: file a.c, line 7.
Starting program: /data2/home/nanxiao/a

Temporary breakpoint 1, main () at a.c:7
7           pid = fork();
(gdb) n
[New process 1050]
8           if (pid < 0)
(gdb)
12          else if (pid > 0)
(gdb) i inferior
  Num  Description       Executable
  2    process 1050      /data2/home/nanxiao/a
* 1    process 1046      /data2/home/nanxiao/a
(gdb) n
14              printf("Parent\n");
(gdb) n
Parent
15              exit(0);
(gdb)
[Inferior 1 (process 1046) exited normally]
(gdb)
The program is not being run.
(gdb) i inferiors
  Num  Description       Executable
  2    process 1050      /data2/home/nanxiao/a
* 1    <null>            /data2/home/nanxiao/a
(gdb) inferior 2
[Switching to inferior 2 [process 1050] (/data2/home/nanxiao/a)]
[Switching to thread 2 (process 1050)]
#0  0x00007ffff7af6cad in fork () from /lib64/libc.so.6
(gdb) bt
#0  0x00007ffff7af6cad in fork () from /lib64/libc.so.6
#1  0x0000000000400561 in main () at a.c:7
(gdb) n
Single stepping until exit from function fork,
which has no line number information.
main () at a.c:8
8           if (pid < 0)
(gdb)
12          else if (pid > 0)
(gdb)
17          printf("Child\n");
(gdb)
Child
18          return 0;
(gdb)

在使用“set detach-on-fork off”命令后,用“i inferiors”(iinfo命令缩写)查看进程状态,可以看到父子进程都在被gdb调试的状态,前面显示“*”是正在调试的进程。当父进程退出后,用“inferior infno”切换到子进程去调试。

这个命令目前Linux支持,其它很多操作系统都不支持,使用时请注意。参见 gdb手册

此外,如果想让父子进程都同时运行,可以使用“set schedule-multiple on”(默认schedule-multipleoff)命令,仍以上述代码为例:

(gdb) set detach-on-fork off
(gdb) set schedule-multiple on
(gdb) start
Temporary breakpoint 1 at 0x40059c: file a.c, line 7.
Starting program: /data2/home/nanxiao/a

Temporary breakpoint 1, main () at a.c:7
7           pid = fork();
(gdb) n
[New process 26597]
Child

可以看到打印出了“Child”,证明子进程也在运行了。
参见 gdb手册