Grafana 系列-统一展示-4-AWS Cloudwatch 数据源

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AWS Cloudwatch 数据源

对于 AWS Cloudwatch, 主要在于 3 种不同的认证方式：

• AWS SDK Default
• IAM Role
• AK&SK
• Credentials file

现在推荐的是使用 IAM Role 的认证方式，避免了密钥泄露的风险。

但是特别要注意的是，要读取 CloudWatch 指标和 EC2 标签 (tags)、实例、区域和告警，你必须通过 IAM 授予 Grafana 权限。你可以将这些权限附加到你在 AWS 认证中配置的 IAM role 或 IAM 用户。

IAM policy 示例如下：

Metrics-only:

{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Sid": "AllowReadingMetricsFromCloudWatch",
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": [
        "cloudwatch:DescribeAlarmsForMetric",
        "cloudwatch:DescribeAlarmHistory",
        "cloudwatch:DescribeAlarms",
        "cloudwatch:ListMetrics",
        "cloudwatch:GetMetricData",
        "cloudwatch:GetInsightRuleReport"
      ],
      "Resource": "*"
    },
    {
      "Sid": "AllowReadingTagsInstancesRegionsFromEC2",
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": ["ec2:DescribeTags", "ec2:DescribeInstances", "ec2:DescribeRegions"],
      "Resource": "*"
    },
    {
      "Sid": "AllowReadingResourcesForTags",
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": "tag:GetResources",
      "Resource": "*"
    }
  ]
}

Logs-only:

{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Sid": "AllowReadingLogsFromCloudWatch",
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": [
        "logs:DescribeLogGroups",
        "logs:GetLogGroupFields",
        "logs:StartQuery",
        "logs:StopQuery",
        "logs:GetQueryResults",
        "logs:GetLogEvents"
      ],
      "Resource": "*"
    },
    {
      "Sid": "AllowReadingTagsInstancesRegionsFromEC2",
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": ["ec2:DescribeTags", "ec2:DescribeInstances", "ec2:DescribeRegions"],
      "Resource": "*"
    },
    {
      "Sid": "AllowReadingResourcesForTags",
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": "tag:GetResources",
      "Resource": "*"
    }
  ]
}

Metrics and Logs:

{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Sid": "AllowReadingMetricsFromCloudWatch",
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": [
        "cloudwatch:DescribeAlarmsForMetric",
        "cloudwatch:DescribeAlarmHistory",
        "cloudwatch:DescribeAlarms",
        "cloudwatch:ListMetrics",
        "cloudwatch:GetMetricData",
        "cloudwatch:GetInsightRuleReport"
      ],
      "Resource": "*"
    },
    {
      "Sid": "AllowReadingLogsFromCloudWatch",
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": [
        "logs:DescribeLogGroups",
        "logs:GetLogGroupFields",
        "logs:StartQuery",
        "logs:StopQuery",
        "logs:GetQueryResults",
        "logs:GetLogEvents"
      ],
      "Resource": "*"
    },
    {
      "Sid": "AllowReadingTagsInstancesRegionsFromEC2",
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": ["ec2:DescribeTags", "ec2:DescribeInstances", "ec2:DescribeRegions"],
      "Resource": "*"
    },
    {
      "Sid": "AllowReadingResourcesForTags",
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Action": "tag:GetResources",
      "Resource": "*"
    }
  ]
}

跨账号可观测性:

{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Action": ["oam:ListSinks", "oam:ListAttachedLinks"],
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Resource": "*"
    }
  ]
}

AWS Cloudwatch 数据源配置示例

几种认证方式的 AWS CLoudwatch 配置示例如下：

AWS SDK(default):

apiVersion: 1
datasources:
  - name: CloudWatch
    type: cloudwatch
    jsonData:
      authType: default
      defaultRegion: eu-west-2

使用 Credentials 配置文件：

apiVersion: 1

datasources:
  - name: CloudWatch
    type: cloudwatch
    jsonData:
      authType: credentials
      defaultRegion: eu-west-2
      customMetricsNamespaces: 'CWAgent,CustomNameSpace'
      profile: secondary

使用 AK&SK:

apiVersion: 1

datasources:
  - name: CloudWatch
    type: cloudwatch
    jsonData:
      authType: keys
      defaultRegion: eu-west-2
    secureJsonData:
      accessKey: '<your access key>'
      secretKey: '<your secret key>'

使用 AWS SDK Default 和 IAM Role 的 ARM 来 Assume:

apiVersion: 1
datasources:
  - name: CloudWatch
    type: cloudwatch
    jsonData:
      authType: default
      assumeRoleArn: arn:aws:iam::123456789012:root
      defaultRegion: eu-west-2

Cloudwatch 自带仪表板

Cloudwatch 自带的几个仪表板都不太好用，建议使用 monitoringartist/grafana-aws-cloudwatch-dashboards 替代。

创建告警的查询

告警需要返回 numeric 数据的查询，而 CloudWatch Logs 支持这种查询。例如，你可以通过使用 stats 命令来启用告警。

这也是一个有效的查询，用于对包括文本 "Exception" 的消息发出告警：

filter @message like /Exception/
    | stats count(*) as exceptionCount by bin(1h)
    | sort exceptionCount desc

跨账户的可观察性

CloudWatch 插件使您能够跨区域账户监控应用程序并排除故障。利用跨账户的可观察性，你可以无缝地搜索、可视化和分析指标和日志，而不必担心账户的界限。

要使用这个功能，请在 AWS 控制台的 Cloudwatch 设置下，配置一个 monitoring 和 source 账户，然后按照上文所述添加必要的 IAM 权限。

三人行, 必有我师; 知识共享, 天下为公. 本文由东风微鸣技术博客 EWhisper.cn 编写.