这次我要讲述的是在React-Flask框架上开发上传组件的技巧。我目前主要以React开发前端,在这个过程中认识到了许多有趣的前端UI框架——React-Bootstrap、Ant Design、Material UI、Bulma等。而比较流行的上传组件也不少,而目前用户比较多的是 jQuery-File-Upload和Dropzone,而成长速度快的新晋有Uppy和filepond。比较惋惜的是Fine-Uploader的作者自2018年后就决定不再维护了,原因作为后来者的我就不多过问了,但请各位尊重每一位开源作者的劳动成果。
这里我选择React-Dropzone,原因如下:
Drag
和 Drop
为主,但是对于传输逻辑可以由开发者自行设计。例如尝试用socket-io来传输file chunks。对于node全栈估计可行,但是我这里使用的是Flask,需要将Blob转ArrayBuffer。但是如何将其在Python中读写,我就没进行下去了。通过yarn将react-dropzone和引入:
yarn add react-dropzone axios
前端js如下(如有缺失,请自行修改):
import React, {
useState,
useCallback,
useEffect,
} from 'react';
import {useDropzone} from 'react-dropzone';
import "./dropzone.styles.css"
import InfiniteScroll from 'react-infinite-scroller';
import {
List,
message,
// Avatar,
Spin,
} from 'antd';
import axios from 'axios';
/**
* 计算文件大小
* @param {*} bytes
* @param {*} decimals
* @returns
*/
function formatBytes(bytes, decimals = 2) {
if (bytes === 0) return '0 Bytes';
const k = 1024;
const dm = decimals < 0 ? 0 : decimals;
const sizes = ['Bytes', 'KB', 'MB', 'GB', 'TB', 'PB', 'EB', 'ZB', 'YB'];
const i = Math.floor(Math.log(bytes) / Math.log(k));
return parseFloat((bytes / Math.pow(k, i)).toFixed(dm)) + ' ' + sizes[i];
}
/**
* Dropzone 上传文件
* @param {*} props
* @returns
*/
function DropzoneUpload(props) {
const [files, setFiles] = useState([])
const [loading, setLoading] = useState(false);
const [hasMore, setHasMore] = useState(true);
const onDrop = useCallback(acceptedFiles => {
setLoading(true);
const formData = new FormData();
smallFiles.forEach(file => {
formData.append("files", file);
});
axios({
method: 'POST',
url: '/api/files/multiplefiles',
data: formData,
headers: {
"Content-Type": "multipart/form-data",
}
})
then(resp => {
addFiles(acceptedFiles);
setLoading(false);
});
}, [files]);
// Dropzone setting
const { getRootProps, getInputProps } = useDropzone({
multiple:true,
onDrop,
});
// 删除附件
const removeFile = file => {
const newFiles = [...files]
newFiles.splice(newFiles.indexOf(file), 1)
setFiles(newFiles)
}
useEffect(() => {
// init uploader files
setFiles([])
},[])
return (
<section className="container">
<div {...getRootProps({className: 'dropzone'})}>
<input {...getInputProps()} />
<p>拖动文件或点击选择文件</p>
</div>
<div className="demo-infinite-container">
<InfiniteScroll
initialLoad={false}
pageStart={0}
loadMore={handleInfiniteOnLoad}
hasMore={!loading && hasMore}
useWindow= {false}
>
<List
dataSource={files}
renderItem={item=> (
<List.Item
actions={[
// <a key="list-loadmore-edit">编辑</a>,
<a key="list-loadmore-delete" onClick={removeFile}>删除</a>
]}
// extra={
// }
key={item.path}>
<List.Item.Meta
avatar={
<>
{
!!item.type && ['image/gif', 'image/jpeg', 'image/png'].includes(item.type) &&
<img
width={100}
alt='logo'
src={item.preview}
/>
}
</>
}
title={item.path}
description={formatBytes(item.size)}
/>
</List.Item>
)}
>
{loading && hasMore && (
<div className="demo-loading-container">
<Spin />
</div>
)}
</List>
</InfiniteScroll>
</div>
</section>
);
}
flask代码:
def multiplefiles():
if 'files' not in request.files:
return jsonify({'message': '没有文件!'}), 200
files = request.files.getlist('files')
for file in files:
if file:
# 通过拼音解决secure_filename中文问题
filename = secure_filename(''.join(lazy_pinyin(file.filename))
Path(UPLOAD_FOLDER + '/' + file_info['dir_path']).mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
file.save(os.path.join(UPLOAD_FOLDER + '/' + file_info['dir_path'], filename))
return jsonify({'message': '保存成功!!'})
通过file.slice()方法生成文件的chunks。不要用Promise.all容易产生非顺序型的请求,导致文件损坏。
js代码:
const promiseArray = largeFiles.map(file => new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
const chunkSize = CHUNK_SIZE;
const chunks = Math.ceil(file.size / chunkSize);
let chunk = 0;
let chunkArray = new Array();
while (chunk <= chunks) {
let offset = chunk * chunkSize;
let slice = file.slice(offset, offset+chunkSize)
chunkArray.push([slice, offset])
++chunk;
}
const chunkUploadPromises = (slice, offset) => {
const largeFileData = new FormData();
largeFileData.append('largeFileData', slice)
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
axios({
method: 'POST',
url: '/api/files/largefile',
data: largeFileData,
headers: {
"Content-Type": "multipart/form-data"
}
})
.then(resp => {
console.log(resp);
resolve(resp);
})
.catch(err => {
reject(err);
})
})
};
chunkArray.reduce( (previousPromise, [nextChunk, nextOffset]) => {
return previousPromise.then(() => {
return chunkUploadPromises(nextChunk, nextOffset);
});
}, Promise.resolve());
resolve();
}))
flask代码:
filename = secure_filename(''.join(lazy_pinyin(filename)))
Path(UPLOAD_FOLDER + '/' + file_info['dir_path']).mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
save_path = os.path.join(UPLOAD_FOLDER + '/' + file_info['dir_path'], filename)
# rm file if exists
if offset == 0 and os.path.exists(save_path):
os.remove(filename)
try:
with open(save_path, 'ab') as f:
f.seek(offset)
f.write(file.stream.read())
print("time: "+ str(datetime.now())+" offset: " + str(offset))
except OSError:
return jsonify({'Could not write to file'}), 500
文件传输一直都是HTTP的痛点,尤其是大文件传输。最好的方式是自己做个Client,通过FTP和FTPS的协议进行传输。第二种来自于大厂很中心化的方法,通过文件的checksum来确定文件是否已经上传了,来营造秒传的效果。第三种来自去中心化的Bittorrent的方法每一个用户做文件种子,提供文件传输的辅助,目前国内并没有普及使用。