当初装gentoo的时候以为gentoo和arch一样,把软件包的各种信息和缓存都放到/var,就给/分了10g,/var分了6g,后来用着才发现,gentoo的portage在/usr/portage下,下载的包也在/usr/portage下,结果用了不长时间/就满了,各种悲催……上linuxsir问了问老鸟,有人提议清理缓存,有人提议用squashfs把portage压缩,那时正好比较忙,没时间折腾,就采用了清理缓存这个办法,直到前几天,/又满了,看来portage这个东西必须得处理下了,linuxsir上那位前辈给提供了几个链接,从这样做的原理到做法都有,帖子地址在这里,不过不知道论坛升级后这地址还能不能正常看。
具体原因我这里就不说了,那帖子里说的很明白,只说说我折腾的具体过程。
官方wiki在这里。
首先,当然是看官方wiki,不过由于我升级到一半/满了,导致无法进系统,懒得先修它,就用arch chroot了。
第一步,按照wiki里的说法,先安装squashfs-tools和aufs3(2.x的内核装aufs2),其中aufs3要修改use,执行:
echo sys-fs/squashfs-tools kernel-patch >> /etc/portage/package.use
Device Drivers --->
Block Devices --->
<M> Loopback device support
File systems --->
Miscellaneous Filesystems --->
<M> SquashFS
第二步,修改几个配置文件,挪几个文件夹,具体如下:
1.创建/var/portage文件夹
2.将/usr/portage/distfiles文件夹挪到/var/portage/
3.将/var/lib/layman文件夹挪到/var/portage/(这个我觉得我用不太着,不过官方wiki这么说我就这么做吧,以前有过一次乱搞portage出错的经历,不这么做说不准会出啥问题)
4./etc/make.conf文件:
DISTDIR="/var/portage/distfiles"
source /var/portage/layman/make.conf
5./var/portage/layman/make.conf文件:
将所有/var/lib/xxx改成/var/portage/xxx
完成上述步骤后,准备工作就算完成了,下面是生成sqfs,并将这个压缩的portage tree 用起来
第一步,添加/etc/init.d/squash_portage ,这个文件的内容如下:
#!/sbin/runscript
# Copyright 1999-2006 Gentoo Foundation
# Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License v2
# $Header: $
#
# /etc/init.d/squash_portage allows efficient compression of
# Gentoo portage arborescence
#
# It requires support for the loop device and squashfs enabled in the kernel,
# module autoloading is also *highly* recommended.
# sys-fs/squashfs and sys-fs/aufs are necessary for read-write support.
#
# Author: Mathias Laurin <mathias_laurin@users.sourceforge.net>
# 2006-11-28, v.0.1.5(4)
# 2009-02-24, v.0.1.6(1) Weedy <weedy2887@gmail.com>
# 2009-03-20, v.0.1.7(1) j0inty <j0inty@stollfuss.net>
# 2009-07-10, v.0.1.8(1) j0inty
# 2009-09-01. v.0.1.9(1) nall <soir@fuzzysock.net>
extra_started_commands="sync"
source /etc/make.globals
source /etc/make.conf
SQFS_CUR="$SQFS_DIRNAME/portage.sqfs"
SQFS_NEW="$SQFS_DIRNAME/portage-current.sqfs"
SQFS_OLD="$SQFS_DIRNAME/portage-old.sqfs"
DEF_RW="/dev/shm/.portage-rw"
SQFS_OPTS="-force-uid portage -force-gid portage -no-duplicates"
depend() {
need localmount modules
}
check_support() {
if ! [ -x /usr/bin/mksquashfs ] ; then
eerror "ERROR: sys-fs/squashfs-tools is not installed."
return 1
fi
if ! [ -w /dev/loop0 ] ; then
eerror "ERROR: loopback support is not available."
return 1
fi
if ! [[ $(grep -s $'\taufs$' /proc/filesystems) ]] ; then
eerror "ERROR: aufs filesystem support is not available."
return 1
fi
if ! [[ $(grep -s $'\tsquashfs$' /proc/filesystems) ]] ; then
eerror "ERROR: squashfs filesystem support is not available."
return 1
fi
return 0
}
makeImage() {
mksquashfs $PORTDIR $SQFS_NEW $SQFS_OPTS # 2>/dev/null
retval=$?
ln -sf $SQFS_NEW $SQFS_CUR
eend $retval
}
sync() {
ebegin "Syncing portage tree"
eval $SYNC_CMDS
#svc_stop; svc_start
stop
start
eend 0
}
start() {
check_support || return 1
if [ -f "$SQFS_CUR" ]; then
ebegin "SQFS-PORTAGE: Mounting read-only squashfs image"
mount -rt squashfs -o loop,nodev,noexec $SQFS_CUR $PORTDIR
retval=$?
[ $retval -ne 0 ] && return $retval
else
if [ ! -f "/usr/portage/metadata/timestamp.chk" ]; then
ebegin "SQFS-PORTAGE: $PORTDIR looks empty or corrupted, syncing"
eval $SYNC_CMDS
fi
einfo " $SQFS_CUR does not exist, creating"
mkdir -p $SQFS_DIRNAME
makeImage
[ $? -ne 0 ] && eerror "ERROR: failed to create initial tree image"
einfo "Clearing ${PORTDIR}"
rm -r ${PORTDIR}
mkdir ${PORTDIR}
start
eend 0
fi
ebegin "Mounting read-write with aufs"
if [ ! $PORTAGE_RW ] ; then
einfo " mounted in tmpfs (RAM)"
PORTAGE_RW="${DEF_RW}"
fi
[ -d $PORTAGE_RW ] || mkdir -p $PORTAGE_RW
chmod 0750 $PORTAGE_RW
chown portage:portage $PORTAGE_RW
mount -t aufs -o nodev,noexec,br=$PORTAGE_RW=rw:$PORTDIR=ro aufs $PORTDIR
eend $?
if [ "$DISTDIR" == "/usr/portage/distfiles" ]; then
mkdir -p /usr/local/distfiles
mount -o bind /usr/local/distfiles /usr/portage/distfiles
ewarn "DISTDIR is currently inside the portage tree. It has been bind
mounted to keep the SquashFS image small."
fi
}
stop() {
ebegin "SQFS-PORTAGE: Stopping and unmounting"
[ ! $PORTAGE_RW ] && PORTAGE_RW="${DEF_RW}"
if [ $(du -s --exclude=.w* $PORTAGE_RW | cut -f 1) -gt 4 ]; then
einfo " Changes detected, updating image."
mv -f $SQFS_NEW $SQFS_OLD
makeImage
rm -f $SQFS_OLD
else
einfo " No changes detected, skipping update."
eend 0
fi
if [ "$DISTDIR" == "/usr/portage/distfiles" ]; then
einfo " Unmounting distfiles"
umount /usr/local/distfiles
fi;
einfo " Unmounting the tree"
umount -t aufs $PORTDIR
umount -t squashfs $PORTDIR
rm -rf $PORTAGE_RW
eend 0
}
使之可执行:
#chmod 755 /etc/init.d/squashfs_portage
#rc-update add squash_portage default
第二步,添加文件/etc/conf.d/squash_portage:
# /etc/conf.d/squash_portage
# SQFS_DIRNAME points to the directory that will contain the sqfs
# images, recommended value is /var/portage
SQFS_DIRNAME="/var/portage"
# Leave PORTAGE_RW empty for use with tmpfs, a ram-based filesystem,
# This is recommended unless you are short of RAM
PORTAGE_RW=""
# If you need more then just emerge --sync, or are using another
# package manager add them here. Example SYNC_CMDS="/usr/bin/layman -S; /usr/bin/eix-sync"
SYNC_CMDS="emerge --sync"
第三步(不是每人都用):我用的是openrc,所以还要修改一下/etc/config.d/modules:在modules="nvidia vboxdrv ..."里加上aufs。
这样重新启动应该就好了(为啥说应该呢?因为我第一次启动前忘了第三步,所以我的squash_portage启动失败了,sqfs文件是启动后自己手动生成的),第一次启动需要生成一个portage.sqfs文件,我的这个文件有2.2G,这文件大小是因人而异的,所以生成速度也不一样,据说有人的只有几十M……
sync的时候执行/etc/init.d/squash_portage sync,其它的按原来的习惯正常使用就成。