CoreBluetooth 是基于蓝牙 ble 技术实现的,现在的智能手环手表都使用了低功耗蓝牙技术。
CoreBluetooth 场景中蓝牙对象分为两种:
注意: <u>一个设备既可以是中心设备,又可以是外设设备,但是不能同时是中心设备和外设设备,同一时间,只能扮演一种角色。</u>
基础知识介绍:
CBPeripheral
// -------------------- CBPeripheral 属性 --------------------
// 外设状态
typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, CBPeripheralState) {
CBPeripheralStateDisconnected = 0, // 没有连接
CBPeripheralStateConnecting, // 正在连接
CBPeripheralStateConnected, // 已经连接
CBPeripheralStateDisconnecting NS_AVAILABLE(10_13, 9_0),
} NS_AVAILABLE(10_9, 7_0);
@interface CBPeripheral : CBPeer
@property(weak, nonatomic, nullable) id<CBPeripheralDelegate> delegate;
@property(retain, readonly, nullable) NSString *name; // 外设名字
@property(retain, readonly, nullable) NSNumber *RSSI; // 信号强度
@property(readonly) CBPeripheralState state; // 外设状态
@property(retain, readonly, nullable) NSArray<CBService *> *services; // 外设包含的服务(每个服务里面可能包含多个特征)
@property(readonly) BOOL canSendWriteWithoutResponse; // 判断读写性
// -------------------- CBPeripheral 常用方法 --------------------
// 查找外设包含的服务,serviceUUIDs 为 nil 则查找该外设包含的所有服务,执行该方法会触发代理方法
- (void)discoverServices:(nullable NSArray<CBUUID *> *)serviceUUIDs;
// 扫描特征的描述,执行该方法会触发代理方法
- (void)discoverDescriptorsForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic;
// 扫描服务里包含的服务,执行该方法会出发代理方法
- (void)discoverIncludedServices:(nullable NSArray<CBUUID *> *)includedServiceUUIDs forService:(CBService *)service;
// 扫描服务包含的特征,执行该方法会出发代理方法
- (void)discoverCharacteristics:(nullable NSArray<CBUUID *> *)characteristicUUIDs forService:(CBService *)service;
// 读取某特征的数据
- (void)readValueForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic;
// 读取描述的值
- (void)readValueForDescriptor:(CBDescriptor *)descriptor;(CBCharacteristicWriteType)type;
// 通过特征写入数据
- (void)writeValue:(NSData *)data forCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic type:
// 通过描述写入数据
- (void)writeValue:(NSData *)data forDescriptor:(CBDescriptor *)descriptor;
// 设置通知
- (void)setNotifyValue:(BOOL)enabled forCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic;
// -------------------- 代理方法 --------------------
// 扫描外设服务触发该代理,如果找打服务,可以在这里调用 discoverCharacteristics 方法查找该服务的特征
-(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverServices:(NSError *)error;
// 扫描服务包含的服务(服务里面可能会包含服务)
-(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverIncludedServicesForService:(CBService *)service error:(NSError *)error;
// 查找服务的特征,一个服务可能有多个特征,一个特征可能有多个属性,CBCharacteristic 是一个枚举值
-(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverCharacteristicsForService:(nonnull CBService *)service error:(nullable NSError *)error;
// 接收通知代理
-(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateNotificationStateForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error;
// 读取 Characteristic 中的值,调用 readValueForCharacteristic 方法会触发该代理,需要在该代理方法里面获取具体的数据
-(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForCharacteristic:(nonnull CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(nullable NSError *)error;
// 向 CBCharacteristic 写入数据的回调
-(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didWriteValueForCharacteristic:(nonnull CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(nullable NSError *)error;
CBCentralManager
// 中心设备的状态,创建中心设备的时候,会触发代理,在代理里面判断中心设备状态,在状态为 CBManagerStatePoweredOn 的时候可以开始扫描广播
typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, CBCentralManagerState) {
CBCentralManagerStateUnknown = CBManagerStateUnknown, // 未知
CBCentralManagerStateResetting = CBManagerStateResetting, // 正在重置
CBCentralManagerStateUnsupported = CBManagerStateUnsupported, // 不支持
CBCentralManagerStateUnauthorized = CBManagerStateUnauthorized, // 未认证
CBCentralManagerStatePoweredOff = CBManagerStatePoweredOff, // 没有打开蓝牙
CBCentralManagerStatePoweredOn = CBManagerStatePoweredOn, // 蓝牙以打开,可以扫描广播
} NS_DEPRECATED(10_7, 10_13, 5_0, 10_0, "Use CBManagerState instead");
@interface CBCentralManager : CBManager
@property(nonatomic, weak, nullable) id<CBCentralManagerDelegate> delegate;
@property(nonatomic, assign, readonly) BOOL isScanning ; // 判断蓝牙是否正在扫描广播
// 蓝牙中心设备初始化方法,需要指定 delegate 并实现代理方法
- (instancetype)initWithDelegate:(nullable id<CBCentralManagerDelegate>)delegate
queue:(nullable dispatch_queue_t)queue;
// -------------------- 常用方法 --------------------
// 通过服务 ID 来扫描外设
- (void)scanForPeripheralsWithServices:(nullable NSArray<CBUUID *> *)serviceUUIDs options:(nullable NSDictionary<NSString *, id> *)options;
// 连接外设
- (void)connectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral options:(nullable NSDictionary<NSString *, id> *)options;
// 取消连接
- (void)cancelPeripheralConnection:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral;
// 停止扫描
- (void)stopScan;
// 通过 ID 数组查找外设
- (NSArray<CBPeripheral *> *)retrievePeripheralsWithIdentifiers:(NSArray<NSUUID *> *)identifiers NS_AVAILABLE(10_9, 7_0);
// 通过 服务的 UUID 数组查找外设
- (NSArray<CBPeripheral *>*)retrieveConnectedPeripheralsWithServices:(NSArray<CBUUID *> *)serviceUUIDs NS_AVAILABLE(10_9, 7_0);
// @protocol CBCentralManagerDelegate <NSObject> 代理方法
// 中心设备开始扫描之后,每发现一个外设就会调用一次该方法,同一设备可能会被发现多次,扫描频率基本固定,外设发送的广播不一定每一个都能接收到,如果使用该方法获取广播数据的时候需要注意
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(NSDictionary<NSString *, id> *)advertisementData RSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI;
// 中心设备连接上外设之后调用
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral;
// 连接失败调用
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didFailToConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(nullable NSError *)error;
// 断开连接
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDisconnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(nullable NSError *)error;
// 中心设备状态改变的时候调用
- (void)centralManagerDidUpdateState:(CBCentralManager *)central;
// 中心设备状态重置的时候调用
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central willRestoreState:(NSDictionary<NSString *, id> *)dict;
连接过程
外设设备向外广播
中心设备接收广播(广播包含了广播内容和外设的名字,信号强度等属性(iOS 的 CoreBluetooth 框架不能从广播里面获取到外设 MAC 地址,所以不能使用 MAC 地址来区分外设)
扫描
连接
扫描外设所包含的服务 Services
扫描每一个服务所包含的特征 Characteristics
判断特征的属性 CBCharacteristicProperties(根据需求保存对应属性的 Characteristics,后面读/写的时候只能往可读/可写属性的特征里面写, CBCharacteristicProperties 是一个枚举)
注意: <u>一个特征可能同时拥有多个属性,比如属性值为 0x02 & 0x08 则该特性可读可写</u>
typedef NS_OPTIONS(NSUInteger, CBCharacteristicProperties) {
CBCharacteristicPropertyBroadcast= 0x01, // 广播属性
CBCharacteristicPropertyRead= 0x02, // 可读属性
CBCharacteristicPropertyWriteWithoutResponse= 0x04, // 无响应的写
CBCharacteristicPropertyWrite= 0x08, // 写
CBCharacteristicPropertyNotify= 0x10, // 通知
CBCharacteristicPropertyIndicate= 0x20,
CBCharacteristicPropertyAuthenticatedSignedWrites= 0x40,
CBCharacteristicPropertyExtendedProperties= 0x80,
CBCharacteristicPropertyNotifyEncryptionRequired= 0x100,
CBCharacteristicPropertyIndicateEncryptionRequired= 0x200
};
实际使用
CBCentralManager 中心设备方法使用
@interface XIXCBCenterManager : CBCentralManagerDelegate
@property (strong, nonatomic) CBCentralManager * cbcManager;
...
-(void)propertyInit{
...
// 创建 cbcManager 对象,创建之后会调用代理返回中心设备状态
self.cbcManager = [[CBCentralManager alloc] initWithDelegate:self queue:nil];
}
#pragma mark - CoreBlueToothDelegate
// 蓝牙状态代理,蓝牙创建之后会调用一次
-(void)centralManagerDidUpdateState:(CBCentralManager *)central{
switch (central.state) {
case CBManagerStatePoweredOn: // 蓝牙状态可用
NSLog(@"蓝牙已打开,可用,开始扫描");
// 蓝牙状态可用的时候,开启扫描可用的蓝牙外设
[self.cbcManager scanForPeripheralsWithServices:nil options:nil];
[MBProgressHUD ShowMBToView:self.view withMessage:@"正在扫描设备..."];
break;
case CBManagerStateUnsupported:
[MBProgressHUD showError:@"蓝牙不可用"];
break;
default:{
[MBProgressHUD hideHUDForView:self.view];
UIAlertController * alertVC = [UIAlertController alertControllerWithTitle:nil message:@"请先开启蓝牙功能" preferredStyle:UIAlertControllerStyleAlert];
UIAlertAction * cancelAction = [UIAlertAction actionWithTitle:@"取消" style:UIAlertActionStyleCancel handler:nil];
UIAlertAction * settingAction = [UIAlertAction actionWithTitle:@"去设置" style:UIAlertActionStyleDefault handler:^(UIAlertAction * _Nonnull action){
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:[NSURL URLWithString:UIApplicationOpenSettingsURLString]];
}];
[alertVC addAction:cancelAction];
[alertVC addAction:settingAction];
[self presentViewController:alertVC animated:YES completion:nil];
}
break;
}
}
/**
扫描到蓝牙外设后调用,每扫描到一个设备信息返回一次,判断返回的该蓝牙是否是已经被添加过的,如果被添加过,则替换数组中的该设备,如果没有添加过则添加到数组
@param central central
@param peripheral 扫描到的蓝牙外设
@param advertisementData 蓝牙外设的额外数据
@param RSSI 信号强度
*/
-(void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral:(nonnull CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(nonnull NSDictionary<NSString *,id> *)advertisementData RSSI:(nonnull NSNumber *)RSSI{
if (peripheral.name.length <= 0) return;
// 获取外设广播包含的数据
NSData * adverData = advertisementData[@"kCBAdvDataManufacturerData"] ;
if(adverData != nil){
AdvertiseMentModel * advModel = [self.connect getAdvertisementData:adverData];
// 如果扫描到的外设已存在,则替换,如果不存在则添加,刷新列表
if (advModel) {
PeripheralModel * peripheralModel;
if (![self.perArray containsObject:peripheral]) {
[self.perArray addObject:peripheral];
peripheralModel = [[PeripheralModel alloc] initWithPeripheral:peripheral];
[self.deviceArray addObject:peripheralModel];
}
NSInteger index = [self.perArray indexOfObject:peripheral];
peripheralModel = self.deviceArray[index];
peripheralModel.advertisementModel = advModel;
[self.tableView reloadData];
}
}
}
// 使用列表展示外设,点击 Cell 的时候,获取外设对象并连接
-(void)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView didSelectRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath{
self.selectedPeriphalModel = self.resultList[indexPath.row];
NSDictionary * dic = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObject:[NSNumber numberWithBool:YES] forKey:CBConnectPeripheralOptionNotifyOnDisconnectionKey];
[self.cbcManager connectPeripheral:self.selectedPeriphalModel.periphal options:dic];
[MBProgressHUD ShowMBToView:self.view withMessage:@"正在连接设备..."];
// 设置 10s 的连接超时时间,连接超时则调用 [self.cbcManager cancelPeripheralConnection:self.selectedPeriphalModel.periphal]; 取消连接
[self performSelector:@selector(connectTimeOut) withObject:nil afterDelay:10.0f];
}
// 连接成功调用代理
/**
连接外设成功后调用
@param central central
@param peripheral 连接成功的设备
*/
-(void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral{
// 没有超时则需要取消延迟 调用方法 同时停止扫描
[NSObject cancelPreviousPerformRequestsWithTarget:self selector:@selector(connectTimeOut) object:nil];
[self.cbcManager stopScan]; // 停止扫描
[MBProgressHUD hideHUDForView:self.view animated:YES];
}
/**
连接失败调用
@param central central
@param peripheral 连接的设备
@param error 错误原因
*/
-(void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didFailToConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error{
[MBProgressHUD hideHUDForView:self.view animated:YES];
[MBProgressHUD showError:@"连接失败"];
}
// 断开连接
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDisconnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(nullable NSError *)error{
[MBProgressHUD hideHUDForView:self.view animated:NO];
}
CBPeripheral 外设设备方法使用
#define CHARACTER_UUID_WRITE @"5E9BF2A8-F93F-4481-A67E-3B2F4A07891A"
#define CHARACTER_UUID_NOTI @"8AC32D3F-5CB9-4D44-BEC2-EE689169F626"
@property (strong, nonatomic) CBPeripheral * peripheral;
// 保存可写的特征,写数据的时候用这个特征写入数据
@property (strong, nonatomic) CBCharacteristic * writeCharacter;
// 连接上外设之后调用 discoverServices 方法,查找该外设所包含的服务
[self.peripheral discoverServices:nil];
// 写入数据
[self.peripheral writeValue:data forCharacteristic:self.writeCharacter type:CBCharacteristicWriteWithResponse];
#pragma mark - CBPeripheralDelegate
/**
查找蓝牙代理的服务,一个蓝牙外设可能有多个服务
@param peripheral peripheral
@param error 错误信息
*/
-(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverServices:(NSError *)error{
// NSString * UUID_str = [peripheral.identifier UUIDString];
// NSLog(@"UUID:%@",UUID_str);
if (error) {
NSLog(@"查找蓝牙服务出错");
return;
}
// 开始遍历查找服务,查找每个服务的特征
for (CBService * service in peripheral.services) {
// 如果知道特征的 UUID 可以在第一个参数传入 UUID 数组
NSLog(@"服务CBUUID:%@",service.UUID.UUIDString);
[self.peripheral discoverCharacteristics:nil forService:service];
}
}
// 扫描服务包含的服务
-(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverIncludedServicesForService:(CBService *)service error:(NSError *)error{
if (error) {
NSLog(@"扫描服务内部的服务失败");
return;
}
NSArray * services = service.includedServices;
for (CBService * service in services) {
// 如果知道特征的 UUID 可以在第一个参数传入 UUID 数组
[peripheral discoverCharacteristics:nil forService:service];
}
}
// 查找服务的特征,一个服务可能有多个特征,一个特征可能有多个属性,CBCharacteristic 是一个枚举值
-(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverCharacteristicsForService:(nonnull CBService *)service error:(nullable NSError *)error{
if(error){
NSLog(@"查找特征错误");
return;
}
for (CBCharacteristic * characteristic in service.characteristics) {
// 这里开发的时候和硬件沟通,获取到了具体的特征的 UUID
if([characteristic.UUID.UUIDString isEqualToString: CHARACTER_UUID_WRITE]){
self.writeCharacter = characteristic; // 这是可写属性,保存起来后面需要使用它来写数据
}else if([characteristic.UUID.UUIDString isEqualToString: CHARACTER_UUID_NOTI]){
// 监听该特征,外设发送通知的时候才能收到数据
[peripheral setNotifyValue:YES forCharacteristic:characteristic];
}
}
}
// 接收通知代理
-(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateNotificationStateForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error{
if (error) {
NSLog(@"错误:%@",error.localizedDescription);
return;
}
CBCharacteristicProperties properties = characteristic.properties;
if (properties & CBCharacteristicPropertyRead) {
// 如果具备读特性,即可读取特性的 Value 值
[peripheral readValueForCharacteristic:characteristic];
}
}
// 读取 Characteristic 中的值
-(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForCharacteristic:(nonnull CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(nullable NSError *)error{
if (error) {
NSLog(@"读取数据错误:%@",error.localizedDescription);
return;
}
NSData * dada = characteristic.value;
if (dada.length <= 0) {
return;
}
Byte * byteData = (Byte*)[dada bytes];
if (!(byteData[0] == 0x48 && byteData[1] == 0x65 &&byteData[2] == 0x6c &&byteData[3] == 0x6c)) {
NSLog(@"通知数据:%@",dada);
....
}
}
// 写入数据的回调,返回写入成功失败结果
-(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didWriteValueForCharacteristic:(nonnull CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(nullable NSError *)error{
if (error) {
NSLog(@"写入数据失败");
}
}
中心设备就是主动去连接别的设备的设备,一般就是手机,外设就是发送广播,被连接的设备,一般就是手环或者包含蓝牙模块的硬件设备
CoreBlutooth 已经把 ble 封装的很好,只需要顺着代理方法一步一步从扫描到连接到数据读写都可以完成。
另外: 蓝牙广播的数据长度大小有限制,不能通过广播获取外设 MAC 地址来区分,所以区分多个外设的话就需要在广播的 kCBAdvDataManufacturerData 字段的数据里面包含, advertisementData 数据包含多个字段,大家可以在使用的时候打印看看,具体的字段对数据的类型也有限制,服务、特征、描述都是对应的 uuid 来唯一标识,如何知道 UUID 的话直接使用 UUID 能免去多层遍历。