Rotate Image 旋转图像

鱼锦
2023-12-01

You are given an n x n 2D matrix representing an image.

Rotate the image by 90 degrees (clockwise).

Note:

You have to rotate the image in-place, which means you have to modify the input 2D matrix directly. DO NOT allocate another 2D matrix and do the rotation.

Example 1:

Given input matrix = 
[
  [1,2,3],
  [4,5,6],
  [7,8,9]
],

rotate the input matrix in-place such that it becomes:
[
  [7,4,1],
  [8,5,2],
  [9,6,3]
]

Example 2:

Given input matrix =
[
  [ 5, 1, 9,11],
  [ 2, 4, 8,10],
  [13, 3, 6, 7],
  [15,14,12,16]
], 

rotate the input matrix in-place such that it becomes:
[
  [15,13, 2, 5],
  [14, 3, 4, 1],
  [12, 6, 8, 9],
  [16, 7,10,11]
]

 

在计算机图像处理里,旋转图片是很常见的,由于图片的本质是二维数组,所以也就变成了对数组的操作处理,翻转的本质就是某个位置上数移动到另一个位置上,比如用一个简单的例子来分析:

1  2  3       7  4  1 

4  5  6  -->   8  5  2  

7  8  9       9  6  3

对于90度的翻转有很多方法,一步或多步都可以解,我们先来看一种直接的方法,对于当前位置,计算旋转后的新位置,然后再计算下一个新位置,第四个位置又变成当前位置了,所以这个方法每次循环换四个数字,如下所示:

1  2  3                 7  2  1                  7  4  1

4  5  6      -->      4  5  6   -->    8  5  2  

7  8  9                 9  8  3      9  6  3

 

class Solution {
public:
    void rotate(vector<vector<int> > &matrix) {
        int n = matrix.size();
        for (int i = 0; i < n / 2; ++i) {
            for (int j = i; j < n - 1 - i; ++j) {
                int tmp = matrix[i][j];
                matrix[i][j] = matrix[n - 1 - j][i];
                matrix[n - 1 - j][i] = matrix[n - 1 - i][n - 1 - j];
                matrix[n - 1 - i][n - 1 - j] = matrix[j][n - 1 - i];
                matrix[j][n - 1 - i] = tmp;
            }
        }
    }
};

 

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