尝试写入泛型记录类型的rdd时出现任务不可序列化异常

Question

val file = File.createTempFile("temp", ".avro")
val schema = new Schema.Parser().parse(st)
val datumWriter = new GenericDatumWriter[GenericData.Record](schema)
val dataFileWriter = new DataFileWriter[GenericData.Record](datumWriter)
dataFileWriter.create(schema , file)
rdd.foreach(r => {
  dataFileWriter.append(r)
})
dataFileWriter.close()

我有一个类型为GenericData的DStream。记录我试图以Avro格式写入HDFS的，但我得到了这个任务不可序列化错误：

org.apache.spark.SparkException: Task not serializable
at org.apache.spark.util.ClosureCleaner$.ensureSerializable(ClosureCleaner.scala:304)
at org.apache.spark.util.ClosureCleaner$.org$apache$spark$util$ClosureCleaner$$clean(ClosureCleaner.scala:294)
at org.apache.spark.util.ClosureCleaner$.clean(ClosureCleaner.scala:122)
at org.apache.spark.SparkContext.clean(SparkContext.scala:2062)
at org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD$$anonfun$foreach$1.apply(RDD.scala:911)
at org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD$$anonfun$foreach$1.apply(RDD.scala:910)
at org.apache.spark.rdd.RDDOperationScope$.withScope(RDDOperationScope.scala:150)
at org.apache.spark.rdd.RDDOperationScope$.withScope(RDDOperationScope.scala:111)
at org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD.withScope(RDD.scala:316)
at org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD.foreach(RDD.scala:910)
at KafkaCo$$anonfun$main$3.apply(KafkaCo.scala:217)
at KafkaCo$$anonfun$main$3.apply(KafkaCo.scala:210)
at org.apache.spark.streaming.dstream.DStream$$anonfun$foreachRDD$1$$anonfun$apply$mcV$sp$3.apply(DStream.scala:661)
at org.apache.spark.streaming.dstream.DStream$$anonfun$foreachRDD$1$$anonfun$apply$mcV$sp$3.apply(DStream.scala:661)
at org.apache.spark.streaming.dstream.ForEachDStream$$anonfun$1$$anonfun$apply$mcV$sp$1.apply$mcV$sp(ForEachDStream.scala:50)
at org.apache.spark.streaming.dstream.ForEachDStream$$anonfun$1$$anonfun$apply$mcV$sp$1.apply(ForEachDStream.scala:50)
at org.apache.spark.streaming.dstream.ForEachDStream$$anonfun$1$$anonfun$apply$mcV$sp$1.apply(ForEachDStream.scala:50)
at org.apache.spark.streaming.dstream.DStream.createRDDWithLocalProperties(DStream.scala:426)
at org.apache.spark.streaming.dstream.ForEachDStream$$anonfun$1.apply$mcV$sp(ForEachDStream.scala:49)
at org.apache.spark.streaming.dstream.ForEachDStream$$anonfun$1.apply(ForEachDStream.scala:49)
at org.apache.spark.streaming.dstream.ForEachDStream$$anonfun$1.apply(ForEachDStream.scala:49)
at scala.util.Try$.apply(Try.scala:161)
at org.apache.spark.streaming.scheduler.Job.run(Job.scala:39)
at org.apache.spark.streaming.scheduler.JobScheduler$JobHandler$$anonfun$run$1.apply$mcV$sp(JobScheduler.scala:224)
at org.apache.spark.streaming.scheduler.JobScheduler$JobHandler$$anonfun$run$1.apply(JobScheduler.scala:224)
at org.apache.spark.streaming.scheduler.JobScheduler$JobHandler$$anonfun$run$1.apply(JobScheduler.scala:224)
at scala.util.DynamicVariable.withValue(DynamicVariable.scala:57)
at org.apache.spark.streaming.scheduler.JobScheduler$JobHandler.run(JobScheduler.scala:223)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
Caused by: java.io.NotSerializableException: org.apache.avro.file.DataFileWriter
Serialization stack:
- object not serializable (class: org.apache.avro.file.DataFileWriter, value: org.apache.avro.file.DataFileWriter@78f132d9)
- field (class: KafkaCo$$anonfun$main$3$$anonfun$apply$1, name: dataFileWriter$1, type: class org.apache.avro.file.DataFileWriter)
- object (class KafkaCo$$anonfun$main$3$$anonfun$apply$1, <function1>)
at org.apache.spark.serializer.SerializationDebugger$.improveException(SerializationDebugger.scala:40)
at org.apache.spark.serializer.JavaSerializationStream.writeObject(JavaSerializer.scala:47)
at org.apache.spark.serializer.JavaSerializerInstance.serialize(JavaSerializer.scala:101)
at org.apache.spark.util.ClosureCleaner$.ensureSerializable(ClosureCleaner.scala:301)

Answer 1

由于lambda必须分布在集群中才能运行，因此它们必须只引用可序列化的数据，以便可以序列化、发送给不同的执行者进行部署并作为任务在那里执行。

您可能会做的是：

• 创建一个新文件并获取它的句柄
• 使用map分区（而不是map）方法并为每个分区创建一个新编写器
• 使用您为每个分区创建的写入器的文件句柄将分区内的每条消息附加到该文件
• 确保流完全消耗时关闭文件句柄

Answer 2

这里的关键点是，DataFileWriter是一个本地资源（绑定到本地文件），所以序列化它没有意义。

调整代码以执行诸如映射分区之类的操作也不会有帮助，因为这种绑定到执行器的方法将在执行器的本地文件系统上写入文件。

我们需要使用支持Spark分布式特性的实现，例如https://github.com/databricks/spark-avro

使用该库：

给定由案例类表示的一些模式，我们将执行以下操作：

val structuredRDD = rdd.map(record => recordToSchema(record))
val df = structuredRDD.toDF()
df.write.avro(hdfs_path)