无法在聊天应用程序中序列化用户对象

Question

我想将聊天应用程序与我的instagram类似的项目集成在一起。我的主要目标是为这个网站的用户提供实时聊天的可能性。我有以下代码，但我一直得到的错误：

TypeError:无法序列化“用户”对象

from asgiref.sync import async_to_sync
from channels.generic.websocket import WebsocketConsumer
import json
from .models import Message
from django.contrib.auth.models import User

class ChatConsumer(WebsocketConsumer):
    def fetch_messages(self, data):
        messages = Message.last_10_messages()
        content = {
            'messages': self.messages_to_json(messages)
        }
        self.send_message(content)
       
    def new_message(self, data):
        author = data['from']
        author_user = User.objects.get(username = author)
        message = Message.objects.create(author=author_user, content=data['message'])
        content ={
            'command' : 'new_message',
            'message': self.message_to_json(message)
        }
        return self.send_chat_message(content) 
    
    def messages_to_json(self, messages):
        result = []
        for message in messages:
            result.append(self.message_to_json(message))
        return result
    
    def message_to_json(self, message):
        return {
            'author' : message.author,
            'content' : message.content,
            'timestamp': str(message.timestamp)
        }


    commands = {
        'fetch_messages': fetch_messages,
        'new_message' : new_message
    }

   
   
    def connect(self):
        self.room_name = self.scope['url_route']['kwargs']['room_name']
        self.room_group_name = 'chat_%s' % self.room_name

        # Join room group
        async_to_sync(self.channel_layer.group_add)(
            self.room_group_name,
            self.channel_name
        )

        self.accept()

    def disconnect(self, close_code):
        # Leave room group
        async_to_sync(self.channel_layer.group_discard)(
            self.room_group_name,
            self.channel_name
        )

    
    def receive(self, text_data):
        data = json.loads(text_data)
        self.commands[data['command']](self, data)
        
    def send_chat_message(self, data):    
        message = data['message']
        async_to_sync(self.channel_layer.group_send)(
            self.room_group_name,
            {
                'type': 'chat_message',
                'message': message
            }
        )

    def send_message(self, message):
        self.send(text_data=json.dumps(message))

    def chat_message(self, event):
        message = event['message']

        self.send(text_data=json.dumps(message))

这些观点。py:

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe
import json


def index(request):
    return render(request, 'chat/index.html', {})

def room(request, room_name):
    return render(request, 'chat/room.html', {
        'room_name_json': mark_safe(json.dumps(room_name)),
        'username' : mark_safe(json.dumps(request.user.username))
    })

路由。派克

from django.urls import re_path, path

from . import consumers

websocket_urlpatterns = [
    re_path(r'ws/chat/(?P<room_name>\w+)/$', consumers.ChatConsumer.as_asgi()),
]

项目根目录中的asgi.py：

import os

from channels.auth import AuthMiddlewareStack
from channels.routing import ProtocolTypeRouter, URLRouter
from django.core.asgi import get_asgi_application
import chat.routing

os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "mysite.settings")

application = ProtocolTypeRouter({
  "http": get_asgi_application(),
  "websocket": AuthMiddlewareStack(
        URLRouter(
            chat.routing.websocket_urlpatterns
        )
    ),
})

我正在关注Django频道官方网站上的教程。我还试图定制我的消费者，将其保存在数据库中，其模型如下：

来自django。db从django导入模型。contrib。auth。模型导入用户

类消息（models.Model）：author=models。ForeignKey（用户，on_delete=models.CASCADE，related_name='author'）content=models。TextField（）timestamp=模型。DateTimeField（自动\u立即\u添加=真）

def __str__(self):
    return self.author.username

def last_10_messages(self):
    return Message.objects.order_by('-timestamp').all()[:10]

Answer 1

self.channel_layer.group_send要求消息判决仅包含以下值：

1. 字节字符串

来源：https://channels.readthedocs.io/en/latest/channel_layer_spec.html#messages