close（）未正确关闭套接字

Question

Processing request for 21
Writing to 21
Closing 21

call close(21)

while(true) {
  client_socket = accept(incoming_socket, (struct sockaddr *)&client_addr, &client_len);
  if (client_socket == -1)
    continue;
  /*  insert into queue here for threads to process  */
}

/*  get client_socket from queue  */

/*  processing request here  */

/*  now set to blocking for write; was previously set to non-blocking for reading  */
int flags = fcntl(client_socket, F_GETFL);
if (flags < 0)
  abort();
if (fcntl(client_socket, F_SETFL, flags|O_NONBLOCK) < 0)
  abort();

server_write(client_socket, response_buf, response_length);
server_close(client_socket);

void server_write( int fd, char const *buf, ssize_t len ) {
    printf("Writing to %d\n", fd);
    while(len > 0) {
      ssize_t n = write(fd, buf, len);
      if(n <= 0)
        return;// I don't really care what error happened, we'll just drop the connection
      len -= n;
      buf += n;
    }
  }

void server_close( int fd ) {
    for(uint32_t i=0; i<10; i++) {
      int n = close(fd);
      if(!n) {//closed successfully                                                                                                                                   
        return;
      }
      usleep(100);
    }
    printf("Close failed for %d\n", fd);
  }

CURL *curl = curl_easy_init();
CURLcode res;
curl_easy_setopt( curl, CURLOPT_URL, url);
curl_easy_setopt( curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, write_callback );
curl_easy_setopt( curl, CURLOPT_WRITEDATA, write_tag );

res = curl_easy_perform(curl);

shutdown(fd, SHUT_WR);                                                                                                                                            
char buf[64];                                                                                                                                                     
while(read(fd, buf, 64) > 0);                                                                                                                                         
/*  then close  */ 

struct linger l;
l.l_onoff = 1;
l.l_linger = 1;
if (setsockopt(client_socket, SOL_SOCKET, SO_LINGER, &l, sizeof(l)) == -1)
  abort();

Answer 1

下面是我在许多类似UNIX的系统（例如SunOS 4、SGI IRIX、HPUX 10.20、CentOS 5、Cygwin）上使用过的关闭套接字的代码：

int getSO_ERROR(int fd) {
   int err = 1;
   socklen_t len = sizeof err;
   if (-1 == getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ERROR, (char *)&err, &len))
      FatalError("getSO_ERROR");
   if (err)
      errno = err;              // set errno to the socket SO_ERROR
   return err;
}

void closeSocket(int fd) {      // *not* the Windows closesocket()
   if (fd >= 0) {
      getSO_ERROR(fd); // first clear any errors, which can cause close to fail
      if (shutdown(fd, SHUT_RDWR) < 0) // secondly, terminate the 'reliable' delivery
         if (errno != ENOTCONN && errno != EINVAL) // SGI causes EINVAL
            Perror("shutdown");
      if (close(fd) < 0) // finally call close()
         Perror("close");
   }
}

但以上并不能保证发送任何缓冲写操作。

优雅的关闭：我花了大约10年的时间才弄清楚如何关闭一个插座。但在接下来的10年里，我只是懒洋洋地调用usleep（20000）来稍有延迟，以“确保”写入缓冲区在关闭前被刷新。这显然不是很高明，因为：

• 大多数时间延迟太长。
• 某些时间延迟太短--可能！
• 这样的SIGCHLD信号可能会结束usleep()（但我通常调用usleep()两次来处理这种情况--黑客）。
• 没有任何迹象表明这是否有效。但如果a）硬重置完全正常，和/或b）您可以控制链路的两侧，则这可能并不重要。

但做一个适当的冲水是惊人的困难。使用so_linger显然不是正确的方法；参见例如：

null

bool haveInput(int fd, double timeout) {
   int status;
   fd_html" target="_blank">set fds;
   struct timeval tv;
   FD_ZERO(&fds);
   FD_SET(fd, &fds);
   tv.tv_sec  = (long)timeout; // cast needed for C++
   tv.tv_usec = (long)((timeout - tv.tv_sec) * 1000000); // 'suseconds_t'

   while (1) {
      if (!(status = select(fd + 1, &fds, 0, 0, &tv)))
         return FALSE;
      else if (status > 0 && FD_ISSET(fd, &fds))
         return TRUE;
      else if (status > 0)
         FatalError("I am confused");
      else if (errno != EINTR)
         FatalError("select"); // tbd EBADF: man page "an error has occurred"
   }
}

bool flushSocketBeforeClose(int fd, double timeout) {
   const double start = getWallTimeEpoch();
   char discard[99];
   ASSERT(SHUT_WR == 1);
   if (shutdown(fd, 1) != -1)
      while (getWallTimeEpoch() < start + timeout)
         while (haveInput(fd, 0.01)) // can block for 0.01 secs
            if (!read(fd, discard, sizeof discard))
               return TRUE; // success!
   return FALSE;
}

   if (!flushSocketBeforeClose(fd, 2.0)) // can block for 2s
       printf("Warning: Cannot gracefully close socket\n");
   closeSocket(fd);

   static void setFD_CLOEXEC(int fd) {
      int status = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0);
      if (status >= 0)
         status = fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, status | FD_CLOEXEC);
      if (status < 0)
         Perror("Error getting/setting socket FD_CLOEXEC flags");
   }