问题：
编写针对EF Core和SQL Server数据库的集成测试
卜阳
public class SharedDatabaseFixture : IDisposable
{
private static readonly object _lock = new object();
private static bool _databaseInitialized;
private static string _DatabaseName = "Database.Server.Local";
private static IConfigurationRoot config;
public SharedDatabaseFixture()
{
config = new ConfigurationBuilder()
.AddJsonFile($"appsettings.Development.json", true, true)
.Build();
var test = config.GetValue<string>("DataSource");
var connectionStringBuilder = new SqlConnectionStringBuilder
{
DataSource = config.GetValue<string>("DataSource"),
InitialCatalog = _DatabaseName,
IntegratedSecurity = true,
};
var connectionString = connectionStringBuilder.ToString();
Connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString);
CreateEmptyDatabaseAndSeedData();
Connection.Open();
}
public bool ShouldSeedActualData { get; set; } = true;
public DbConnection Connection { get; set; }
public ApplicationDbContext CreateContext(DbTransaction transaction = null)
{
var identity = new GenericIdentity("admin@sample.com", "Admin");
var contextUser = new ClaimsPrincipal(identity); //add claims as needed
var httpContext = new DefaultHttpContext() { User = contextUser };
var defaultHttpContextAccessor = new HttpContextAccessor();
defaultHttpContextAccessor.HttpContext = httpContext;
var context = new ApplicationDbContext(new DbContextOptionsBuilder<ApplicationDbContext>().UseSqlServer(Connection).Options, null, defaultHttpContextAccessor);
if (transaction != null)
{
context.Database.UseTransaction(transaction);
}
return context;
}
private static void ExecuteSqlCommand(SqlConnectionStringBuilder connectionStringBuilder, string commandText)
{
using (var connection = new SqlConnection(connectionStringBuilder.ConnectionString))
{
connection.Open();
using (var command = connection.CreateCommand())
{
command.CommandText = commandText;
command.ExecuteNonQuery();
}
}
}
private static SqlConnectionStringBuilder Master => new SqlConnectionStringBuilder
{
DataSource = config.GetValue<string>("DataSource"),
InitialCatalog = "master",
IntegratedSecurity = true
};
private static string Filename => Path.Combine(Path.GetDirectoryName(typeof(SharedDatabaseFixture).GetTypeInfo().Assembly.Location), $"{_DatabaseName}.mdf");
private static string LogFilename => Path.Combine(Path.GetDirectoryName(typeof(SharedDatabaseFixture).GetTypeInfo().Assembly.Location), $"{_DatabaseName}_log.ldf");
private static void CreateDatabaseRawSQL()
{
ExecuteSqlCommand(Master, $@"IF(db_id(N'{_DatabaseName}') IS NULL) BEGIN CREATE DATABASE [{_DatabaseName}] ON (NAME = '{_DatabaseName}', FILENAME = '{Filename}') END");
}
private static List<T> ExecuteSqlQuery<T>(SqlConnectionStringBuilder connectionStringBuilder, string queryText, Func<SqlDataReader, T> read)
{
var result = new List<T>();
using (var connection = new SqlConnection(connectionStringBuilder.ConnectionString))
{
connection.Open();
using (var command = connection.CreateCommand())
{
command.CommandText = queryText;
using (var reader = command.ExecuteReader())
{
while (reader.Read())
{
result.Add(read(reader));
}
}
}
}
return result;
}
private static void DestroyDatabaseRawSQL()
{
var fileNames = ExecuteSqlQuery(Master, $@"SELECT [physical_name] FROM [sys].[master_files] WHERE [database_id] = DB_ID('{_DatabaseName}')", row => (string)row["physical_name"]);
if (fileNames.Any())
{
ExecuteSqlCommand(Master, $@"ALTER DATABASE [{_DatabaseName}] SET SINGLE_USER WITH ROLLBACK IMMEDIATE;EXEC sp_detach_db '{_DatabaseName}', 'true'");
fileNames.ForEach(File.Delete);
}
if (File.Exists(Filename))
File.Delete(Filename);
if (File.Exists(LogFilename))
File.Delete(LogFilename);
}
private void CreateEmptyDatabaseAndSeedData()
{
lock (_lock)
{
if (!_databaseInitialized)
{
using (var context = CreateContext())
{
try
{
DestroyDatabaseRawSQL();
}
catch (Exception) { }
try
{
CreateDatabaseRawSQL();
context.Database.EnsureCreated();
}
catch (Exception) { }
if (ShouldSeedActualData)
{
List<UserDB> entities = new List<UserDB>()
{
new UserDB() { Id = "Admin@sample.com", Name= "Admin" }
};
context.Users.AddRange(entities);
context.SaveChanges();
List<IdentityRole> roles = new List<IdentityRole>()
{
new IdentityRole(){Id = "ADMIN",Name = nameof(DefaultRoles.Admin), NormalizedName = nameof(DefaultRoles.Admin)},
new IdentityRole(){Id = "FINANCE",Name = nameof(DefaultRoles.Finance), NormalizedName = nameof(DefaultRoles.Finance)}
};
context.Roles.AddRange(roles);
context.SaveChanges();
}
}
_databaseInitialized = true;
}
}
}
public void Dispose()
{
Connection.Dispose();
}
}
然后，test class如下所示（为了简单起见，只显示了2个测试）：
public class BaseRepositoryTests : IClassFixture<SharedDatabaseFixture>
{
private readonly SharedDatabaseFixture fixture;
private IMapper _mapper;
public BaseRepositoryTests(SharedDatabaseFixture fixture)
{
this.fixture = fixture;
var config = new MapperConfiguration(opts =>
{
opts.AddProfile<CountriesDBMapper>();
opts.AddProfile<EmployeeDBMapper>();
opts.AddProfile<EmployeeAccountDBMapper>();
});
_mapper = config.CreateMapper();
}
[Fact]
public async Task EntityCannotBeSavedIfDbEntityIsNotValid()
{
using (var transaction = fixture.Connection.BeginTransaction())
{
using (var context = fixture.CreateContext(transaction))
{
var baseCountryRepository = new BaseRepository<CountryDB, Country>(context, _mapper);
var invalidCountry = new Country() { };
//Act
var exception = await Assert.ThrowsAsync<DbUpdateException>(async () => await baseCountryRepository.CreateAsync(invalidCountry));
Assert.NotNull(exception.InnerException);
Assert.Contains("Cannot insert the value NULL into column", exception.InnerException.Message);
}
}
}
[Fact]
public async Task EntityCanBeSavedIfEntityIsValid()
{
using (var transaction = fixture.Connection.BeginTransaction())
{
using (var context = fixture.CreateContext(transaction))
{
var baseCountryRepository = new BaseRepository<CountryDB, Country>(context, _mapper);
var item = new Country() { Code = "SK", Name = "Slovakia" };
//Act
var result = await baseCountryRepository.CreateAsync(item);
Assert.NotNull(result);
Assert.Equal(1, result.Id);
}
}
}
}
最后，这里是存储库实现(CRUD)的示例：
public async Task<TModel> CreateAsync(TModel data)
{
var newItem = mapper.Map<Tdb>(data);
var entity = await context.Set<Tdb>().AddAsync(newItem);
await context.SaveChangesAsync();
return mapper.Map<TModel>(entity.Entity);
}
public async Task<bool> DeleteAsync(long id)
{
var item = await context.Set<Tdb>().FindAsync(id).ConfigureAwait(false);
if (item == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException();
var result = context.Set<Tdb>().Remove(item);
await context.SaveChangesAsync();
return (result.State == EntityState.Deleted || result.State == EntityState.Detached);
}
如果我单独运行这些测试，每个测试都没有问题地通过。但是，如果我从baseRepositoryTests运行所有测试，那么我就会遇到随机问题，因为数据库事务没有回滚，而是在测试之间保存和共享数据。
[Fact]
public async Task EntityCanBeSavedIfEntityIsValid()
{
using (var transaction = new CommittableTransaction(new TransactionOptions { IsolationLevel = IsolationLevel.ReadCommitted }))
{
using (var context = fixture.CreateContext(transaction))
{
var baseCountryRepository = new BaseRepository<CountryDB, Country>(context, _mapper);
var item = new Country() { Code = "SK", Name = "Slovakia" };
//Act
var result = await baseCountryRepository.CreateAsync(item);
Assert.NotNull(result);
Assert.Equal(1, result.Id);
}
}
}
共享固定装置更新：
public ApplicationDbContext CreateContext(CommittableTransaction transaction = null)
{
... other code
if (transaction != null)
{
context.Database.EnlistTransaction(transaction);
}
return context;
}
不幸的是，在批量运行我的代码测试时，结果是相同的（我保存的数据在每次测试后都会递增，而不是丢弃）
我尝试的第二件事是使用transactionscope，如下所示：
[Fact]
public async Task EntityCanBeModifiedIfEntityExistsAndIsValid()
{
using (var scope = new TransactionScope(TransactionScopeOption.Required, new TransactionOptions { IsolationLevel = IsolationLevel.ReadUncommitted }, TransactionScopeAsyncFlowOption.Enabled))
{
using (var context = fixture.CreateContext())
{
var baseCountryRepository = new BaseRepository<CountryDB, Country>(context, _mapper);
var item = new Country() { Code = "SK", Name = "Slovakia" };
//Act
var insertResult = await baseCountryRepository.CreateAsync(item);
Assert.NotNull(insertResult);
Assert.Equal(1, insertResult.Id);
Assert.Equal("SK", insertResult.Code);
Assert.Equal("Slovakia", insertResult.Name);
//Act
insertResult.Code = "SVK";
var result = await baseCountryRepository.UpdateAsync(insertResult.Id, insertResult);
Assert.Equal(1, result.Id);
Assert.Equal("SVK", result.Code);
Assert.Equal("Slovakia", result.Name);
}
scope.Complete();
}
}
public BaseRepositoryTests()
{
this.fixture = new SharedDatabaseFixture();
var config = new MapperConfiguration(opts =>
{
opts.AddProfile<CountriesDBMapper>();
opts.AddProfile<EmployeeDBMapper>();
opts.AddProfile<EmployeeAccountDBMapper>();
});
_mapper = config.CreateMapper();
}
共享数据库fixture（基本上是负责创建数据库的类...与以前版本的主要区别是，在构造函数中，它接受创建数据库时使用的唯一GUID->创建具有唯一名称的数据库。此外，我还添加了一个新方法ForceDestroyDatabase()，该方法负责在测试完成其工作后销毁数据库。我没有将它放在Dispose()方法中，因为有时您想检查数据库实际发生了什么，在这种情况下，您只是不调用该方法...参见后面）
public class SharedDatabaseFixture : IDisposable
{
private static readonly object _lock = new object();
private static bool _databaseInitialized;
private string _DatabaseName = "FercamPortal.Server.Local.";
private static IConfigurationRoot config;
public SharedDatabaseFixture(string guid)
{
config = new ConfigurationBuilder()
.AddJsonFile($"appsettings.Development.json", true, true)
.Build();
var test = config.GetValue<string>("DataSource");
this._DatabaseName += guid;
var connectionStringBuilder = new SqlConnectionStringBuilder
{
DataSource = config.GetValue<string>("DataSource"),
InitialCatalog = _DatabaseName,
IntegratedSecurity = true,
};
var connectionString = connectionStringBuilder.ToString();
Connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString);
CreateEmptyDatabaseAndSeedData();
Connection.Open();
}
...other code the same as above, skipped for clarity
private void CreateEmptyDatabaseAndSeedData()
{
lock (_lock)
{
using (var context = CreateContext())
{
try
{
DestroyDatabaseRawSQL();
}
catch (Exception ex) { }
try
{
CreateDatabaseRawSQL();
context.Database.EnsureCreated();
}
catch (Exception) { }
if (ShouldSeedActualData)
{
List<UserDB> entities = new List<UserDB>()
{
new UserDB() { Id = "Robert_Jokl@swissre.com", Name= "Robert Moq" },
new UserDB() { Id = "Test_User@swissre.com", Name= "Test User" }
};
context.Users.AddRange(entities);
context.SaveChanges();
List<IdentityRole> roles = new List<IdentityRole>()
{
new IdentityRole(){Id = "ADMIN",Name = nameof(FercamDefaultRoles.Admin), NormalizedName = nameof(FercamDefaultRoles.Admin)},
new IdentityRole(){Id = "FINANCE",Name = nameof(FercamDefaultRoles.Finance), NormalizedName = nameof(FercamDefaultRoles.Finance)}
};
context.Roles.AddRange(roles);
context.SaveChanges();
}
}
}
}
public void ForceDestroyDatabase()
{
DestroyDatabaseRawSQL();
}
public void Dispose()
{
Connection.Close();
Connection.Dispose();
}
}
示例测试类：
public class DailyTransitDBRepositoryTests : IDisposable
{
private readonly SharedDatabaseFixture fixture;
private readonly ApplicationDbContext context;
private IMapper _mapper;
public DailyTransitDBRepositoryTests()
{
this.fixture = new SharedDatabaseFixture(Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"));
this.context = this.fixture.CreateContext();
this.context.Database.OpenConnection();
var config = new MapperConfiguration(opts =>
{
opts.AddProfile<DailyTransitDBMapper>();
opts.AddProfile<EmployeeDBMapper>();
opts.AddProfile<EmployeeAccountDBMapper>();
opts.AddProfile<CountriesDBMapper>();
});
_mapper = config.CreateMapper();
}
...other code ommited for clarity
public void Dispose()
{
this.context.Database.CloseConnection();
this.context.Dispose();
this.fixture.ForceDestroyDatabase();
this.fixture.Dispose();
}
[Fact]
public async Task GetTransitsForYearAndMonthOnlyReturnsValidItems()
{
var employees = await PopulateEmployeesAndReturnThemAsList(context);
var countries = await PopulateCountriesAndReturnThemAsList(context);
var transitRepository = new DailyTransitDBRepository(context, _mapper);
var transitItems = new List<DailyTransit>() {
new DailyTransit()
{
Country = countries.First(),
Employee = employees.First(),
Date = DateTime.Now,
TransitionDurationType = DailyTransitDurationEnum.FullDay
},
new DailyTransit()
{
Country = countries.First(),
Employee = employees.Last(),
Date = DateTime.Now.AddDays(1),
TransitionDurationType = DailyTransitDurationEnum.FullDay
},
new DailyTransit()
{
Country = countries.First(),
Employee = employees.Last(),
Date = DateTime.Now.AddMonths(1),
TransitionDurationType = DailyTransitDurationEnum.FullDay
}
};
//Act
await transitRepository.CreateRangeAsync(transitItems);
//retrieve all items
using (var context2 = fixture.CreateContext())
{
var transitRepository2 = new DailyTransitDBRepository(context2, _mapper);
var items = await transitRepository2.GetEmployeeTransitsForYearAndMonth(DateTime.Now.Year, DateTime.Now.Month);
Assert.Equal(2, items.Count());
Assert.Equal("Janko", items.First().Employee.Name);
Assert.Equal("John", items.Last().Employee.Name);
}
}
}
共有1个答案
薛华容
罗伯特，很高兴有帮助！根据您的要求，我重新提交的答案，任何人，可以找到这个答案，如您的帮助。
我了解到，试图通过iclassfixture或collectionfixture共享实体框架数据库上下文最终会导致测试被另一个测试数据或死锁/竞争条件污染，这是因为并行执行xUnit，实体框架会抛出异常，因为它已经用给定的Id跟踪了该对象，以及更多类似的麻烦。就我个人而言，我建议您根据特定的使用原因，将数据库上下文的创建/清理放在构造器/dispose备选项中，例如：
public class TestClass : IDisposable
{
DatabaseContext DatabaseContext;
public TestClass()
{
var options = new DbContextOptionsBuilder<DatabaseContext>()
.UseInMemoryDatabase(databaseName: Guid.NewGuid().ToString())
.Options;
DatabaseContext = new DatabaseContext(options);
//insert the data that you want to be seeded for each test method:
DatabaseContext.Set<Product>().Add(new Product() { Id = 1, Name = Guid.NewGuid().ToString() });
DatabaseContext.SaveChanges();
}
[Fact]
public void FirstTest()
{
var product = DatabaseContext.Set<Product>().FirstOrDefault(x => x.Id == 1).Name;
//product evaluates to => 0f25a10b-1dfd-4b4b-a69d-4ec587fb465b
}
[Fact]
public void SecondTest()
{
var product = DatabaseContext.Set<Product>().FirstOrDefault(x => x.Id == 1).Name;
//product evaluates to => eb43d382-40a5-45d2-8da9-236d49b68c7a
//It's different from firstTest because is another object
}
public void Dispose()
{
DatabaseContext.Dispose();
}
}
当然，你总是可以做一些精炼，但想法是存在的
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