带有多个着色器程序的OpenGL多重纹理

Question

我试图在OpenGL中制作一个场景，从太空模拟地球。我现在有两个球体，一个用于地球，另一个稍大一些用于云层。地球和云球体对象都有自己的着色器程序来保持简单。地球着色器程序采用4种纹理（白天、夜晚、specmap和normalmap），而云着色器程序采用2种纹理（cloudmap和normalmap）。我有一个对象类，它有一个渲染函数，在该函数中我使用以下逻辑：

//bind the current object's texture
for (GLuint i = 0; i < texIDs.size(); i++){
    glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0 + i);
    if (cubemap)
        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, texIDs[i]);
    else
        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texIDs[i]);
}
    if (samplers.size()){
    for (GLuint i = 0; i < samplers.size(); i++){
        glUniform1i(glGetUniformLocation(program, samplers[i]), i);
    }
}

它从第0个纹理单元开始，从GL_TEXTURE0开始绑定N个纹理单元到N个纹理单元。然后它绑定着色器程序中从0到N开始的采样器。采样器由我在加载纹理时提供：

void Object::loadTexture(const char* filename, const GLchar* sampler){
    int texID;
    texID = SOIL_load_OGL_texture(filename, SOIL_LOAD_AUTO, SOIL_CREATE_NEW_ID, SOIL_FLAG_MIPMAPS | SOIL_FLAG_TEXTURE_REPEATS);
    if(texID == 0){
        cerr << "SOIL error: " << SOIL_last_result();
    }
    cout << filename << " Tex ID: " << texID << endl;
    texIDs.push_back(texID);
    samplers.push_back(sampler);
    //glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texID);
}

当我这样做时，第一个球体（地球）中的所有纹理都被成功加载，但在第二个球体中，我没有得到任何纹理，只得到一个黑色球体。我的问题是，如果我对每个对象使用不同的着色器程序，我应该如何管理多个纹理和采样器？

Answer 1

从我看到的情况来看，你将所有纹理绑定为单独的纹理单元

• 那是错误的
• 如果你有100个对象，每个对象有4个纹理...
• 我强烈怀疑你有400个纹理单位可以支配
• 纹理ID（名称）不是纹理单元...

我渲染的空间实体如下：

>

>

我有特定任务的特定纹理单元

// texture units:            
// 0 - texture0 map 2D rgba (surface)
// 1 - texture1 map 2D rgba (clouds blend)
// 2 - normal map 2D xyz (normal/bump mapping)
// 3 - specular map 2D i (reflection shininess)
// 4 - light map 2D rgb rgb (night lights)
// 5 - enviroment/skybox cube map 3D rgb

查看链接中的着色器（它也是为太阳系可视化编写的）...

第二个渲染过程将添加大气

• 未使用纹理
• 它只是覆盖整个屏幕的单个透明四边形

以下是对你的任务的一些见解

[edit1]多重文本的示例

// init shader once per render all geometries
GLint prog_id;      // shader program ID;
GLint txrskybox;    // global skybox environment cube map
GLint id;
glUseProgram(prog_id);
id=glGetUniformLocation(prog_id,"txr_texture0"); glUniform1i(id,0); //uniform sampler2D   txr_texture0;
id=glGetUniformLocation(prog_id,"txr_texture1"); glUniform1i(id,1); //uniform sampler2D   txr_texture1;
id=glGetUniformLocation(prog_id,"txr_normal");   glUniform1i(id,2); //uniform sampler2D   txr_normal;
id=glGetUniformLocation(prog_id,"txr_specular"); glUniform1i(id,3); //uniform sampler2D   txr_specular;
id=glGetUniformLocation(prog_id,"txr_light");    glUniform1i(id,4); //uniform sampler2D   txr_light;
id=glGetUniformLocation(prog_id,"txr_skybox");   glUniform1i(id,5); //uniform samplerCube txr_skybox;

// add here all uniforms you need ...
glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0+5); glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP,txrskybox);

for (i=0;i<all_objects;i++)
    {
    // add here all uniforms you need ...

    // pass textures once per any object render
    // obj::(GLint) txr0,txr1,txrnor,txrspec,txrlight; // object local textures
    glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0+0); glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,obj[i].txr0);
    glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0+1); glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,obj[i].txr1);
    glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0+2); glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,obj[i].txrnor);
    glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0+3); glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,obj[i].txrspec);
    glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0+4); glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,obj[i].txrlight);
    // here render the geometry of obj[i]
    }

// unbind textures and shaders
glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0+5); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP,0); glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP);
glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0+4); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,0); glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0+3); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,0); glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0+2); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,0); glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0+1); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,0); glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0+0); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,0); glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_2D); // unit0 at last so it stays active ...
glUseProgram(0);