从Python调用AppleScript而不使用osascript或appcript？

Question

有没有什么方法可以在不使用osascript命令行实用程序或appscript的情况下从python执行AppleScript代码（并获得其结果）（我想我真的不想使用它？）因为它不再被开发/支持/推荐）？

理由：在我刚刚发布的另一个问题中，我描述了通过osascript运行AppleScript时遇到的一种奇怪/不希望出现的行为。实际上，我是从python脚本中调用它的，我想知道是否有一种方法可以完全绕过osascript，因为这似乎就是问题所在——但是appscript（显而易见的选择？）现在看起来很危险。。。

Answer 1

如果您希望在python代码中执行“Javascript for Automation”（applescript的后续版本），请看以下方法：

script = None

def compileScript():
    from OSAKit import OSAScript, OSALanguage

    scriptPath = "path/to/file.jxa"
    scriptContents = open(scriptPath, mode="r").read()
    javascriptLanguage = OSALanguage.languageForName_("JavaScript")

    script = OSAScript.alloc().initWithSource_language_(scriptContents, javascriptLanguage)
    (success, err) = script.compileAndReturnError_(None)

    # should only occur if jxa is incorrectly written
    if not success:
        raise Exception("error compiling jxa script")

    return script

def execute():
    # use a global variable to cache the compiled script for performance
    global script
    if not script:
        script = compileScript()

    (result, err) = script.executeAndReturnError_(None)

    if err:
        # example error structure:
        # {
        #     NSLocalizedDescription = "Error: Error: Can't get object.";
        #     NSLocalizedFailureReason = "Error: Error: Can't get object.";
        #     OSAScriptErrorBriefMessageKey = "Error: Error: Can't get object.";
        #     OSAScriptErrorMessageKey = "Error: Error: Can't get object.";
        #     OSAScriptErrorNumberKey = "-1728";
        #     OSAScriptErrorRangeKey = "NSRange: {0, 0}";
        # }

        raise Exception("jxa error: {}".format(err["NSLocalizedDescription"]))
    
    # assumes your jxa script returns JSON
    return json.loads(result.stringValue())

Answer 2

PyPI是你的朋友。。。

http://pypi.python.org/pypi/py-applescript

例子：

import applescript

scpt = applescript.AppleScript('''
    on run {arg1, arg2}
        say arg1 & " " & arg2
    end run

    on foo()
        return "bar"
    end foo

    on Baz(x, y)
        return x * y
    end bar
''')

print(scpt.run('Hello', 'World')) #-> None
print(scpt.call('foo')) #-> "bar"
print(scpt.call('Baz', 3, 5)) #-> 15

Answer 3

您可以使用PyObjC桥：

>>> from Foundation import *
>>> s = NSAppleScript.alloc().initWithSource_("tell app \"Finder\" to activate")
>>> s.executeAndReturnError_(None)