如何在java中将事件插入事件调度线程队列的开头？

Question

我已经知道事件调度线程是如何工作的。如果事件调度线程中有短事件和长事件，应用程序就不能响应。

为了在 Swing 中实现响应，事件调度线程应仅用于短事件。而长事件应该在SwingWorkers上执行。

想象一下有很多短赛事。

那么，有没有什么解决方案可以将一个事件排到事件调度线程的开头呢？

Answer 1

我最初的想法是

我认为我们无法控制需要由事件调度线程执行的任务，但在某些方面，我们可以尝试设置优先级，如下所示

SwingUtilities.invokeAndWait(new Runnable() {
  public void run() {
     Thread.currentThread().setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY);
     // The task which need immediate attention.
}});

同样，不能保证EDT会选择立即执行。

但是上面的代码是错误的。当run被调用时，它已经在执行任务了。谢谢你的评论。

因此，下面的代码应该会有所帮助。

   EventQueue queue = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getSystemEventQueue();
   Runnable runnable = new Runnable() {

         @Override
         public void run() {
            //My high priority task
         }
   };
   PeerEvent event = new PeerEvent(this, runnable, PeerEvent.ULTIMATE_PRIORITY_EVENT);
   queue.postEvent(event);

但有一点我们需要注意。

    private static final int NUM_PRIORITIES = ULTIMATE_PRIORITY + 1;

    /*
     * We maintain one Queue for each priority that the EventQueue supports.
     * That is, the EventQueue object is actually implemented as
     * NUM_PRIORITIES queues and all Events on a particular internal Queue
     * have identical priority. Events are pulled off the EventQueue starting
     * with the Queue of highest priority. We progress in decreasing order
     * across all Queues.
     */
    private Queue[] queues = new Queue[NUM_PRIORITIES];

    public EventQueue() {
        for (int i = 0; i < NUM_PRIORITIES; i++) {
            queues[i] = new Queue();
        }
    ....
    }

因此，如果我们设置了太多ULTIMATE_PRIORITY任务，则无法保证立即执行最新的任务。

Answer 2

您可以创建并使用自己的事件队列，以所需的方式插入新事件。请参阅下面的代码片段，了解如何设置自定义事件队列：

public class QueueTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, InvocationTargetException {
        EventQueue eventQueue = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getSystemEventQueue();
        eventQueue.push(new MyEventQueue());

        EventQueue.invokeAndWait(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                System.out.println("Run");
            }
        });
    }

    private static class MyEventQueue extends EventQueue {
        public void postEvent(AWTEvent theEvent) {
            System.out.println("Event Posted");
            super.postEvent(theEvent);
        }
    }
}

然后，您的自定义事件队列可以发布您希望添加到具有最高优先级的队列中的特定事件。这可能无法确保它是下一个要处理的事件，但可能最适合现有的设计。

Answer 3

虽然替换事件队列是正确的方法，但实际上没有必要，因为内置事件队列已经支持优先级排序。唯一的问题是它只支持内部API使用，所以我们只需要了解它是如何工作的；

//from EventQueue.java...

private static final int LOW_PRIORITY = 0;
private static final int NORM_PRIORITY = 1;
private static final int HIGH_PRIORITY = 2;
private static final int ULTIMATE_PRIORITY = 3;

private static final int NUM_PRIORITIES = ULTIMATE_PRIORITY + 1;

/*
 * We maintain one Queue for each priority that the EventQueue supports.
 * That is, the EventQueue object is actually implemented as
 * NUM_PRIORITIES queues and all Events on a particular internal Queue
 * have identical priority. Events are pulled off the EventQueue starting
 * with the Queue of highest priority. We progress in decreasing order
 * across all Queues.
 */
private Queue[] queues = new Queue[NUM_PRIORITIES];

//...skipped some parts...

/**
 * Causes <code>runnable</code> to have its <code>run</code>
 * method called in the {@link #isDispatchThread dispatch thread} of
 * {@link Toolkit#getSystemEventQueue the system EventQueue}.
 * This will happen after all pending events are processed.
 *
 * @param runnable  the <code>Runnable</code> whose <code>run</code>
 *                  method should be executed
 *                  asynchronously in the
 *                  {@link #isDispatchThread event dispatch thread}
 *                  of {@link Toolkit#getSystemEventQueue the system EventQueue}
 * @see             #invokeAndWait
 * @see             Toolkit#getSystemEventQueue
 * @see             #isDispatchThread
 * @since           1.2
 */
public static void invokeLater(Runnable runnable) {
    Toolkit.getEventQueue().postEvent(
        new InvocationEvent(Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit(), runnable));
}

/**
 * Posts a 1.1-style event to the <code>EventQueue</code>.
 * If there is an existing event on the queue with the same ID
 * and event source, the source <code>Component</code>'s
 * <code>coalesceEvents</code> method will be called.
 *
 * @param theEvent an instance of <code>java.awt.AWTEvent</code>,
 *          or a subclass of it
 * @throws NullPointerException if <code>theEvent</code> is <code>null</code>
 */
public void postEvent(AWTEvent theEvent) {
    SunToolkit.flushPendingEvents(appContext);
    postEventPrivate(theEvent);
}

/**
 * Posts a 1.1-style event to the <code>EventQueue</code>.
 * If there is an existing event on the queue with the same ID
 * and event source, the source <code>Component</code>'s
 * <code>coalesceEvents</code> method will be called.
 *
 * @param theEvent an instance of <code>java.awt.AWTEvent</code>,
 *          or a subclass of it
 */
private final void postEventPrivate(AWTEvent theEvent) {
    theEvent.isPosted = true;
    pushPopLock.lock();
    try {
        if (nextQueue != null) {
            // Forward the event to the top of EventQueue stack
            nextQueue.postEventPrivate(theEvent);
            return;
        }
        if (dispatchThread == null) {
            if (theEvent.getSource() == AWTAutoShutdown.getInstance()) {
                return;
            } else {
                initDispatchThread();
            }
        }
        postEvent(theEvent, getPriority(theEvent));
    } finally {
        pushPopLock.unlock();
    }
}

private static int getPriority(AWTEvent theEvent) {
    if (theEvent instanceof PeerEvent) {
        PeerEvent peerEvent = (PeerEvent)theEvent;
        if ((peerEvent.getFlags() & PeerEvent.ULTIMATE_PRIORITY_EVENT) != 0) {
            return ULTIMATE_PRIORITY;
        }
        if ((peerEvent.getFlags() & PeerEvent.PRIORITY_EVENT) != 0) {
            return HIGH_PRIORITY;
        }
        if ((peerEvent.getFlags() & PeerEvent.LOW_PRIORITY_EVENT) != 0) {
            return LOW_PRIORITY;
        }
    }
    int id = theEvent.getID();
    if ((id >= PaintEvent.PAINT_FIRST) && (id <= PaintEvent.PAINT_LAST)) {
        return LOW_PRIORITY;
    }
    return NORM_PRIORITY;
}

/**
 * Posts the event to the internal Queue of specified priority,
 * coalescing as appropriate.
 *
 * @param theEvent an instance of <code>java.awt.AWTEvent</code>,
 *          or a subclass of it
 * @param priority  the desired priority of the event
 */
private void postEvent(AWTEvent theEvent, int priority) {
    if (coalesceEvent(theEvent, priority)) {
        return;
    }

    EventQueueItem newItem = new EventQueueItem(theEvent);

    cacheEQItem(newItem);

    boolean notifyID = (theEvent.getID() == this.waitForID);

    if (queues[priority].head == null) {
        boolean shouldNotify = noEvents();
        queues[priority].head = queues[priority].tail = newItem;

        if (shouldNotify) {
            if (theEvent.getSource() != AWTAutoShutdown.getInstance()) {
                AWTAutoShutdown.getInstance().notifyThreadBusy(dispatchThread);
            }
            pushPopCond.signalAll();
        } else if (notifyID) {
            pushPopCond.signalAll();
        }
    } else {
        // The event was not coalesced or has non-Component source.
        // Insert it at the end of the appropriate Queue.
        queues[priority].tail.next = newItem;
        queues[priority].tail = newItem;
        if (notifyID) {
            pushPopCond.signalAll();
        }
    }
}

如您所见，EventQueue有4个不同的队列，如LOW，NORM，HIGH和ULTIMATE，SwingUtilities.invokeLater（Runnable）或EventQueue.invokeLater（Runnable）将Runnable包装成InvocationEvent并调用postEvent（AWTEvent）方法。此方法在线程和调用 postEvent（AWTEvent， int） 之间进行一些同步，就像这个 postEvent（theEvent， getPriority（theEvent））;现在有趣的部分是getPriority（AWTEvent）的工作原理，基本上它为每个事件提供了正常的优先级，除了一些PaintEvents和PeerEvents。

因此，您需要做的是将＜code＞Runnable；

Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getSystemEventQueue()
   .postEvent(new PeerEvent(Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit(), () -> {


    //execute your high priority task here!
    System.out.println("I'm ultimate prioritized in EventQueue!");


}, PeerEvent.ULTIMATE_PRIORITY_EVENT));

您可以查看 EventQueue 和 PeerEvent 的完整源代码。