硒通过xpath获取文本

Question

我正在尝试从网页复制一个文本元素并在我的控制台中打印它，作为对未来项目的测试。

这些是我收到错误时的行：

elem = driver.find_element_by_xpath("/html/body/text()[2]")
print(elem.text)

错误是这样的：

C:\Users\hp\Desktop\facebook-creator-studio-bot-master\get_cnp.py:12: DeprecationWarning: find_element_by_xpath is deprecated. Please use find_element(by=By.XPATH, value=xpath) instead
  driver.find_element_by_xpath("/html/body/form/input[2]").click()
C:\Users\hp\Desktop\facebook-creator-studio-bot-master\get_cnp.py:13: DeprecationWarning: find_element_by_xpath is deprecated. Please use find_element(by=By.XPATH, value=xpath) instead
  elem = driver.find_element_by_xpath("/html/body/text()[2]")
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\hp\Desktop\facebook-creator-studio-bot-master\get_cnp.py", line 13, in <module>
    elem = driver.find_element_by_xpath("/html/body/text()[2]")
  File "C:\Users\hp\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 521, in find_element_by_xpath
    return self.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value=xpath)
  File "C:\Users\hp\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 1248, in find_element
    return self.execute(Command.FIND_ELEMENT, {
  File "C:\Users\hp\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 425, in execute
    self.error_handler.check_response(response)
  File "C:\Users\hp\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\errorhandler.py", line 247, in check_response
    raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)
selenium.common.exceptions.InvalidSelectorException: Message: invalid selector: The result of the xpath expression "/html/body/text()[2]" is: [object Text]. It should be an element.
  (Session info: chrome=99.0.4844.82)
Stacktrace:
Backtrace:
        Ordinal0 [0x00769943+2595139]
        Ordinal0 [0x006FC9F1+2148849]
        Ordinal0 [0x005F4528+1066280]
        Ordinal0 [0x005F6E04+1076740]
        Ordinal0 [0x005F6CBE+1076414]
        Ordinal0 [0x005F6F50+1077072]
        Ordinal0 [0x00620D1E+1248542]
        Ordinal0 [0x006211CB+1249739]
        Ordinal0 [0x0064D812+1431570]
        Ordinal0 [0x0063BA34+1358388]
        Ordinal0 [0x0064BAF2+1424114]
        Ordinal0 [0x0063B806+1357830]
        Ordinal0 [0x00616086+1204358]
        Ordinal0 [0x00616F96+1208214]
        GetHandleVerifier [0x0090B232+1658114]
        GetHandleVerifier [0x009C312C+2411516]
        GetHandleVerifier [0x007FF261+560433]
        GetHandleVerifier [0x007FE366+556598]
        Ordinal0 [0x0070286B+2173035]
        Ordinal0 [0x007075F8+2192888]
        Ordinal0 [0x007076E5+2193125]
        Ordinal0 [0x007111FC+2232828]
        BaseThreadInitThunk [0x76CA6359+25]
        RtlGetAppContainerNamedObjectPath [0x77827C24+228]
        RtlGetAppContainerNamedObjectPath [0x77827BF4+180]

然后我的chomedrive关闭了。有什么问题？

Answer 1

正如错误跟踪中清楚描述的，这里的问题是

invalid selector: The result of the xpath expression "/html/body/text()[2]" is: [object Text]. It should be an element.

通过< code>print(elem.text)，您正在尝试应用< code >。text方法，因此< code > driver . find _ element _ by _ xpath()需要网页上web元素的定位器，而< code > "/html/body/text()[2]" 不是web元素的有效XPath定位器。< br >例如``"/html/body"可能是web元素的有效定位符，而/text()引用某个web元素的text `属性值，但不引用web元素对象。< br> UPD
您在这里可以做的是获取web元素，提取它的文本，然后从那里提取所需的文本部分，如下所示:

elem = driver.find_element_by_xpath("/body")
print(elem.text)

这将为您提供几个文本字符串，而不仅仅是生成的代码，不幸的是，我们无法更好地使用硒，因为您要查找的文本位于body元素本身内部。
您可以在此之后拆分收到的文本以从中提取代码。

Answer 2

此错误消息。。。

selenium.common.exceptions.InvalidSelectorException: Message: invalid selector: The result of the xpath expression "/html/body/text()[2]" is: [object Text]. It should be an element.

...意味着您使用的定位器策略是无效的选择器，

driver.find_element_by_xpath("/html/body/text()[2]")

将返回第二个匹配文本节点，因为Selenium只支持元素。

如果您的用例是从元素中检索文本，则需要在DOM树中唯一定位该元素，然后使用＜code＞get_attribute（）

>

使用css_selector和get_attribute（“内部HTML”）：

print(driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "element_cssSelector").get_attribute("innerHTML"))

使用xpath和text属性：

print(driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "element_xpath").text)

使用硒的文本和内部HTML之间的区别