使用OWL本体中的限制值进行查询

Question

我开始学习如何对owl本体进行推理，并且在确定我尝试做的事情是否可能时遇到了一些问题。

我使用的本体论是位于这里的葡萄酒本体论；它引用了这个食物本体。我在Protege和Jena都玩过推理引擎。

<owl:NamedIndividual rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/PR-owl-guide-20031209/food#test">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/PR-owl-guide-20031209/food#LightMeatFowlCourse"/>
    <food:hasFood rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/PR-owl-guide-20031209/food#Chicken" />
</owl:NamedIndividual>

http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/PR-owl-guide-20031209/food#LightMeatFowlCourse
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual
http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/PR-owl-guide-20031209/food#MealCourse
http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/PR-owl-guide-20031209/food#ConsumableThing
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource

所以现在我尝试使用hasdrink属性来确定什么类型的葡萄酒可以搭配这道菜。在本体论中为可以与此属性关联的实例定义了几个限制:HasBody、HasColor等--定义如下：

<owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/PR-owl-guide-20031209/food#LightMeatFowlCourse">
    <owl:equivalentClass>
        <owl:Class>
            <owl:intersectionOf rdf:parseType="Collection">
                <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/PR-owl-guide-20031209/food#MealCourse"/>
                <owl:Restriction>
                    <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/PR-owl-guide-20031209/food#hasFood"/>
                    <owl:allValuesFrom rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/PR-owl-guide-20031209/food#LightMeatFowl"/>
                </owl:Restriction>
            </owl:intersectionOf>
        </owl:Class>
    </owl:equivalentClass>
    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/PR-owl-guide-20031209/food#MealCourse"/>
    <rdfs:subClassOf>
        <owl:Restriction>
            <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/PR-owl-guide-20031209/food#hasDrink"/>
            <owl:allValuesFrom>
                <owl:Restriction>
                    <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/PR-owl-guide-20031209/wine#hasBody"/>
                    <owl:hasValue rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/PR-owl-guide-20031209/food#Medium"/>
                </owl:Restriction>
            </owl:allValuesFrom>
        </owl:Restriction>
    </rdfs:subClassOf>
    <rdfs:subClassOf>
        <owl:Restriction>
            <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/PR-owl-guide-20031209/food#hasDrink"/>
            <owl:allValuesFrom>
                <owl:Restriction>
                    <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/PR-owl-guide-20031209/wine#hasColor"/>
                    <owl:hasValue rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/PR-owl-guide-20031209/food#White"/>
                </owl:Restriction>
            </owl:allValuesFrom>
        </owl:Restriction>
    </rdfs:subClassOf>
    <rdfs:subClassOf>
        <owl:Restriction>
            <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/PR-owl-guide-20031209/food#hasDrink"/>
            <owl:allValuesFrom>
                <owl:Restriction>
                    <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/PR-owl-guide-20031209/wine#hasFlavor"/>
                    <owl:hasValue rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/PR-owl-guide-20031209/food#Moderate"/>
                </owl:Restriction>
            </owl:allValuesFrom>
        </owl:Restriction>
    </rdfs:subClassOf>
    <rdfs:subClassOf>
        <owl:Restriction>
            <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/PR-owl-guide-20031209/food#hasDrink"/>
            <owl:allValuesFrom>
                <owl:Restriction>
                    <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/PR-owl-guide-20031209/wine#hasSugar"/>
                    <owl:hasValue rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/PR-owl-guide-20031209/food#Dry"/>
                </owl:Restriction>
            </owl:allValuesFrom>
        </owl:Restriction>
    </rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>

我可以A）获得这些限制，这样我就可以确定什么类型的葡萄酒将与我的MealCourse实例匹配，以及B）执行该查询以获得匹配的实例列表吗？

我已经通读了关于查询OWL关系的w3c文档，我非常肯定这是可以做到的，但是我在使用SPARQL时遇到了一个真正的问题--我觉得我错过了一些非常明显的东西，但是我不确定我到底应该查看什么。

Answer 1

来自AKSW的评论给出了答案：

SELECT ?p ?val WHERE { 
  <http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/PR-owl-guide-20031209/food#LightMeatFowlCourse> rdfs:subClassOf ?restriction . 
  ?restriction owl:onProperty <http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/PR-owl-guide-20031209/food#hasDrink>. 
  ?restriction owl:allValuesFrom [owl:onProperty ?p; owl:hasValue ?val]. 
}