如何更新一个OWL本体文件，以便添加一个具有某些属性的新个体？

Question

我的目标如下：

• 添加新的单个#IndividualSimpleSubType
• 将类型#SimpleSubType添加到此个体(#SimpleSubType是#SimpleType的子类）
• 向此个体添加以下对象属性断言：与#PropertyValue1
关联的 #HasProperty1
• 向此个体添加以下对象属性断言：与#PropertyValue2
关联的 #HasProperty2

本体中已经存在以下信息：

null

OWLOntologyManager manager = OWLManager.createOWLOntologyManager();

try {
    OWLOntology ontology = manager.loadOntologyFromOntologyDocument(new File("ontology.owl"));

    IRI ontologyIRI = ontology.getOntologyID().getOntologyIRI();
    PrefixManager prefixManager = new DefaultPrefixManager(ontologyIRI.toString().concat("#"));

    OWLDataFactory dataFactory = manager.getOWLDataFactory();

    OWLReasonerFactory reasonerFactory = new StructuralReasonerFactory();
    OWLReasoner reasoner = reasonerFactory.createReasoner(ontology);
    reasoner.precomputeInferences();

    // Get all subclasses of SimpleType stored within the loaded ontology.
    OWLClassNodeSet clsSimpleSubTypes = new OWLClassNodeSet();
    OWLClass simpleTypeClass = dataFactory.getOWLClass(":SimpleType", prefixManager);
    clsSimpleSubTypes.addDifferentEntities(reasoner.getSubClasses(simpleTypeClass, true).getFlattened());

    // Get two object properties stored within the loaded ontology.
    OWLObjectPropertyExpression objProperty1 = dataFactory.getOWLObjectProperty(IRI.create(ontologyIRI + "#hasProperty1"));
    OWLObjectPropertyExpression objProperty2 = dataFactory.getOWLObjectProperty(IRI.create(ontologyIRI + "#hasProperty2"));

    // Get two property values stored within the loaded ontology.
    OWLNamedIndividual propertyValue1 = dataFactory.getOWLNamedIndividual(IRI.create(ontologyIRI + "#PropertyValue1"));
    OWLNamedIndividual propertyValue2 = dataFactory.getOWLNamedIndividual(IRI.create(ontologyIRI + "#PropertyValue2"));

    for (OWLClass cls : clsSimpleSubTypes.getFlattened())
    {
        if (cls.getIRI().toString().endsWith("#SimpleSubType")) {
            // Create the new individual
            OWLNamedIndividual po = factory.getOWLNamedIndividual(IRI.create(ontologyIRI + "#individualSimpleSubType"));

            // individualSimpleSubType is of type SimpleSubType
            OWLClassAssertionAxiom assertion = dataFactory.getOWLClassAssertionAxiom(cls, po);
            manager.addAxiom(ontology, assertion);

            // individualSimpleSubType has object property PropertyValue1
            OWLObjectPropertyAssertionAxiom objProperty1Axiom = dataFactory.getOWLObjectPropertyAssertionAxiom(objProperty1, po, propertyValue1);
            manager.addAxiom(ontology, objProperty1Axiom);

            // individualSimpleSubType has object property PropertyValue2
            OWLObjectPropertyAssertionAxiom objProperty2Axiom = dataFactory.getOWLObjectPropertyAssertionAxiom(objProperty2, po, propertyValue2);
            manager.addAxiom(ontology, objProperty2Axiom);

            break;
        }
    }

    //File destinationFile = new File("ontology-new-data.owl");
    //OWLOntologyFormat format = manager.getOntologyFormat(ontology);
    //manager.saveOntology(ontology, format, IRI.create(destinationFile.toURI()));
    manager.saveOntology(ontology);
} catch (OWLOntologyCreationException e) {
    // TODO Auto-generated catch block
    e.printStackTrace();
} catch (OWLOntologyStorageException e) {
    // TODO Auto-generated catch block
    e.printStackTrace();
}

<!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/vincenzo/ontologies/2015/7/ontology.owl#individualSimpleSubType -->

<owl:NamedIndividual rdf:about="http://www.semantichtml" target="_blank">web.org/vincenzo/ontologies/2015/7/ontology.owl#individualSimpleSubType">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/vincenzo/ontologies/2015/7/ontology.owl#SimpleSubType"/>
    <hasProperty1 rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/vincenzo/ontologies/2015/7/ontology.owl#PropertyValue1"/>
    <hasProperty2 rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/vincenzo/ontologies/2015/7/ontology.owl#PropertyValue2"/>
</owl:NamedIndividual>

但是，如果我使用上面的Java代码，保存ontology还涉及到对其他行的修改：在文件中添加与上面相同的XML行，但也修改其他行，如下所示。

folliwing行写在上面的Java代码保存的OWL文件的开头（但当我在执行相同的修改后使用Protégé保存本体时，这些行不是写的）。

<!DOCTYPE rdf:RDF [
    <!ENTITY terms "http://purl.org/dc/terms/" >
    <!ENTITY owl "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" >
    <!ENTITY xsd "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" >
    <!ENTITY skos "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" >
    <!ENTITY rdfs "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" >
    <!ENTITY rdf "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" >
]>

然后，在一些标签的属性中添加了一定的前缀，所以：

null

这种怪异行为的原因是什么？

在我的Eclipse项目中，我导入了与OWL API 3.4.2相关的jar文件，该文件与Protegé4.3.0中集成的版本相同。

Answer 1

问题是当从文件中读取原始本体时，它的前缀没有被保留。这在OWL API的最新版本中得到了修正。3.5.2和4.0.2（4.1.0尚未发布）应该允许您找到本体格式对象中设置的前缀。

为了保证这些前缀也用于实体（例如，用于&rdf；)，您应该调用

XmlWriterPreferences.GetInstance（）.SetUseNamespaceEntities（true）；