JPA+Hibernate+EHCache，意外行为

Question

我面临的问题是，Hibernate似乎仍然从数据库中检索数据，即使EHCache将查询结果存储在内存中。

我使用EHCache监视器来查看内存中项的计数，并在缓存过期之前直接更改数据库中的数据，以了解缓存的数据是否被实际使用。

我一直在为这个问题寻找一个复制，但没有成功，所以可能我错过了什么（我只是进入了java世界）。

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
    <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
    <version>4.3.0.Final</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
    <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
    <version>4.1.4.Final</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
    <artifactId>hibernate-ehcache</artifactId>
    <version>4.1.4.Final</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>net.sf.ehcache</groupId>
    <artifactId>ehcache-core</artifactId>
    <version>2.5.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.terracotta</groupId>
    <artifactId>ehcache-probe</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.2</version>
</dependency>

package myPrototype.entities

import javax.persistence.Cacheable;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.NamedQueries;
import javax.persistence.NamedQuery;
import javax.persistence.Table;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlRootElement;
import org.hibernate.annotations.Cache;
import org.hibernate.annotations.CacheConcurrencyStrategy;

@Entity @Cacheable
@Cache(usage=CacheConcurrencyStrategy.READ_ONLY)
@Table(name = "Cars")
@XmlRootElement
@NamedQueries({
    @NamedQuery(name = "Cars.findAll", query = "SELECT d FROM Cars d"),
    [...]
public class Cars implements Serializable {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    @Basic(optional = false)
        @NotNull
        @Column(name = "id")
    @ReferenceField
    private int id;
    [...]

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<ehcache>
  <cache name="myPrototype.entities.Cars"
    maxElementsInMemory="500"
    eternal="false"
    overflowToDisk="false"
    timeToIdleSeconds="60"
    timeToLiveSeconds="120" />
</ehcache>

*我试着设置eternal=“true”，但结果还是一样

persistence.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<persistence version="2.0" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_0.xsd">
  <persistence-unit name="MyPrototype" transaction-type="JTA">
    <provider>org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence</provider>
    <jta-data-source>java:app/jdbc/mysqlserver/prototype</jta-data-source>
    <exclude-unlisted-classes>false</exclude-unlisted-classes>
    <shared-cache-mode>ENABLE_SELECTIVE</shared-cache-mode>
    <properties>
      <!-- property name="hibernate.cache.region.factory_class" value="org.hibernate.cache.ehcache.SingletonEhCacheRegionFactory"/ -->
      <property name="hibernate.cache.region.factory_class" value="org.hibernate.cache.ehcache.EhCacheRegionFactory" />
      <property name="hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache" value="true"/>
      <property name="hibernate.cache.use_query_cache" value="true"/>
      <property name="hibernate.cache.region_prefix" value=""/>
    </properties>
  </persistence-unit>
</persistence>

*我尝试在SingletonEhCacheRegionFactory和EhCacheRegionFactory之间切换

import myPrototype.entities.Cars
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import javax.ejb.Stateless;
import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.PersistenceContext;

@Stateless
public class CarsEJB {

    @PersistenceContext(unitName="MyPrototype")
    private EntityManager em;

    @Override
    public List<Cars> getCars() {
        return (List<Cars>)em.createNamedQuery("Cars.findAll").setMaxResults(200).getResultList();
    }

}

再次；我是一个java新手，所以我可能会错过基本概念。

感谢阅读！

Answer 1

Hibernate永远不会在缓存上执行查询。它可以在数据库上执行查询，缓存结果，并在下次使用相同的参数执行相同的查询时返回这些缓存的结果。但要做到这一点，每次执行查询时，查询都必须是可缓存的。

对于JPA API，这是通过直接在命名查询定义上或每次创建查询时使用查询提示来完成的：

@NamedQuery(name = "Cars.findAll", 
            query = "SELECT d FROM Cars d",
            hints = {@QueryHint(name = "org.hibernate.cacheable", value = "true")})

既然查询是可缓存的，Hibernate将在第一次执行此查询时从数据库加载汽车的ID，然后从查询缓存加载。然后将从实体缓存中加载相应的汽车本身。