随机生成R中特定球坐标内的点

Question

set.seed(101)
n <- 50
theta <- runif(n,0,2*pi)
u <- runif(n,-1,1)
x <- sqrt(1-u^2)*cos(theta)
y <- sqrt(1-u^2)*sin(theta)
z <- u

x = -0.0684486861
y= 0.0125857380
z= 0.0201056441

x2= -0.0684486861
y2 = 0.0125857380
z2= -0.0228805516

谢谢你的指导。

Answer 1

好吧，让我们把问题分成几个子问题。

首先，是生成均匀分布在球面上的点（无论是在体积上，还是在表面上），中心在（0,0,0）并且给定半径。在http://mathworld.wolfram.com/spherepointpicking.html之后，

rsphere <- function(n, r = 1.0, surface_only = FALSE) {
    phi       <- runif(n, 0.0, 2.0 * pi)
    cos_theta <- runif(n, -1.0, 1.0)
    sin_theta <- sqrt((1.0-cos_theta)*(1.0+cos_theta))
    radius <- r
    if (surface_only == FALSE) {
        radius <- r * runif(n, 0.0, 1.0)^(1.0/3.0)
    }

    x <- radius * sin_theta * cos(phi)
    y <- radius * sin_theta * sin(phi)
    z <- radius * cos_theta

    cbind(x, y, z)
}

set.seed(312345)
sphere_points <- rsphere(10000)

第二个问题--将这些点移到X点的中心

rsphere <- function(n, r = 1.0, surface_only = FALSE, center=cbind(Xx, Xy, Xz)) {
    ....
    cbind(x+center[1], y+center[2], z+center[3])
}

radius <- sqrt((Xx-Yx)**2+(Xy-Yy)**2+(Xz-Yz)**2)

rsphere <- function(n, r = 1.0, surface_only = FALSE, center=cbind(0.0, 0.0, 0.0)) {
    phi       <- runif(n, 0.0, 2.0 * pi)
    cos_theta <- runif(n, -1.0, 1.0)
    sin_theta <- sqrt((1.0-cos_theta)*(1.0+cos_theta))
    radius <- r
    if (surface_only == FALSE) {
        radius <- r * runif(n, 0.0, 1.0)^(1.0/3.0)
    }

    x <- radius * sin_theta * cos(phi)
    y <- radius * sin_theta * sin(phi)
    z <- radius * cos_theta

    # if radius is fixed, we could check it
    # rr = sqrt(x^2+y^2+z^2)
    # print(rr)

    cbind(x+center[1], y+center[2], z+center[3])
}

x1 = -0.0684486861
y1 = 0.0125857380
z1 = 0.0201056441

x2 = -0.0684486861
y2 = 0.0125857380
z2 = -0.0228805516

R = sqrt((x2-x1)^2 + (y2-y1)^2 + (z2-z1)^2)
print(R)

set.seed(32345)
sphere_points <- rsphere(100000, R, FALSE, cbind(x1, y1, z1))

# 10 points uniform on surface, supposed to have fixed radius
sphere_points <- rsphere(10, 2, TRUE, cbind(x1, y1, z1))
for (k in 1:10) {
    rr <- sqrt((sphere_points[k,1]-x1)^2+(sphere_points[k,2]-y1)^2+(sphere_points[k,3]-z1)^2)
    print(rr)
}

# 10 points uniform in the sphere, supposed to have varying radius
sphere_points <- rsphere(10, 2, FALSE, cbind(x1, y1, z1))
for (k in 1:10) {
    rr <- sqrt((sphere_points[k,1]-x1)^2+(sphere_points[k,2]-y1)^2+(sphere_points[k,3]-z1)^2)
    print(rr)
}

得到

[1] 2
[1] 2
[1] 2
[1] 2
[1] 2
[1] 2
[1] 2
[1] 2
[1] 2
[1] 2

和

[1] 1.32571
[1] 1.505066
[1] 1.255023
[1] 1.82773
[1] 1.219957
[1] 1.641258
[1] 1.881937
[1] 1.083975
[1] 0.4745712
[1] 1.900066

你得到了什么？