useRef和createRef有什么区别？

Question

我偶然发现钩子文档useRef。

看他们的例子…

function TextInputWithFocusButton() {
  const inputEl = useRef(null);
  const onButtonClick = () => {
    // `current` points to the mounted text input element
    inputEl.current.focus();
  };
  return (
    <>
      <input ref={inputEl} type="text" />
      <button onClick={onButtonClick}>Focus the input</button>
    </>
  );
}

…似乎useRef可以替换为createRef。

function TextInputWithFocusButton() {
  const inputRef = createRef(); // what's the diff?
  const onButtonClick = () => {
    // `current` points to the mounted text input element
    inputRef.current.focus();
  };
  return (
    <>
      <input ref={inputRef} type="text" />
      <button onClick={onButtonClick}>Focus the input</button>
    </>
  );
}

为什么我需要钩住裁判？为什么useRef存在？

Answer 1

不同之处在于，createRef它将始终创建一个新的引用。在基于类的组件中，通常会在构造期间将ref放入实例属性（例如this.input = createRef()）。您在功能组件中没有此选项。useRef负责每次都返回与初始渲染相同的ref。

这是一个示例应用程序，演示了这两个功能的行为差异：

import React, { useRef, createRef, useState } from "react";
import ReactDOM from "react-dom";

function App() {
  const [renderIndex, setRenderIndex] = useState(1);
  const refFromUseRef = useRef();
  const refFromCreateRef = createRef();
  if (!refFromUseRef.current) {
    refFromUseRef.current = renderIndex;
  }
  if (!refFromCreateRef.current) {
    refFromCreateRef.current = renderIndex;
  }
  return (
    <div className="App">
      Current render index: {renderIndex}
      <br />
      First render index remembered within refFromUseRef.current:
      {refFromUseRef.current}
      <br />
      First render index unsuccessfully remembered within
      refFromCreateRef.current:
      {refFromCreateRef.current}
      <br />
      <button onClick={() => setRenderIndex(prev => prev + 1)}>
        Cause re-render
      </button>
    </div>
  );
}

const rootElement = document.getElementById("root");
ReactDOM.render(<App />, rootElement);