如何在Java中解析大（50 GB）XML文件

Question

目前，我正在尝试使用SAX解析器，但是通过文件它大约3/4完全冻结了，我尝试分配更多的内存等，但没有得到任何改善。

有什么办法可以加快速度吗？更好的方法？

剥开它的骨头，所以我现在有了以下代码，并且在命令行中运行时，它的运行速度还没有达到我想要的速度。

使用“ java -Xms-4096m -Xmx8192m -jar reader.jar”运行它，得到的GC开销限制超出了文章700000

主要：

public class Read {
    public static void main(String[] args) {       
       pages = XMLManager.getPages();
    }
}

XML管理器

public class XMLManager {
    public static ArrayList<Page> getPages() {

    ArrayList<Page> pages = null; 
    SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();

    try {

        SAXParser parser = factory.newSAXParser();
        File file = new File("..\\enwiki-20140811-pages-articles.xml");
        PageHandler pageHandler = new PageHandler();

        parser.parse(file, pageHandler);
        pages = pageHandler.getPages();

    } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (SAXException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }


    return pages;
    }    
}

页面处理程序

public class PageHandler extends DefaultHandler{

    private ArrayList<Page> pages = new ArrayList<>();
    private Page page;
    private StringBuilder stringBuilder;
    private boolean idSet = false;

    public PageHandler(){
        super();
    }

    @Override
    public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName, Attributes attributes) throws SAXException {

        stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();

         if (qName.equals("page")){

            page = new Page();
            idSet = false;

        } else if (qName.equals("redirect")){
             if (page != null){
                 page.setRedirecting(true);
             }
        }
    }

     @Override
     public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName) throws SAXException {

         if (page != null && !page.isRedirecting()){

             if (qName.equals("title")){

                 page.setTitle(stringBuilder.toString());

             } else if (qName.equals("id")){

                 if (!idSet){

                     page.setId(Integer.parseInt(stringBuilder.toString()));
                     idSet = true;

                 }

             } else if (qName.equals("text")){

                 String articleText = stringBuilder.toString();

                 articleText = articleText.replaceAll("(?s)<ref(.+?)</ref>", " "); //remove references
                 articleText = articleText.replaceAll("(?s)\\{\\{(.+?)\\}\\}", " "); //remove links underneath headings
                 articleText = articleText.replaceAll("(?s)==See also==.+", " "); //remove everything after see also
                 articleText = articleText.replaceAll("\\|", " "); //Separate multiple links
                 articleText = articleText.replaceAll("\\n", " "); //remove new lines
                 articleText = articleText.replaceAll("[^a-zA-Z0-9- \\s]", " "); //remove all non alphanumeric except dashes and spaces
                 articleText = articleText.trim().replaceAll(" +", " "); //convert all multiple spaces to 1 space

                 Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("([\\S]+\\s*){1,75}"); //get first 75 words of text
                 Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(articleText);
                 matcher.find();

                 try {
                     page.setSummaryText(matcher.group());
                 } catch (IllegalStateException se){
                     page.setSummaryText("None");
                 }
                 page.setText(articleText);

             } else if (qName.equals("page")){

                 pages.add(page);
                 page = null;

            }
        } else {
            page = null;
        }
     }

     @Override
     public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length) throws SAXException {
         stringBuilder.append(ch,start, length); 
     }

     public ArrayList<Page> getPages() {
         return pages;
     }
}

Answer 1

您的解析代码可能工作正常，但您正在加载的数据量可能太大而无法保存在其中ArrayList。

您需要某种流水线将数据传递到其实际目的地，而不必一次将所有数据都存储在内存中。

我有时针对这种情况所做的工作与以下类似。

创建用于处理单个元素的接口：

public interface PageProcessor {
    void process(Page page);
}

PageHandler通过构造函数将此实现提供给：

public class Read  {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        XMLManager.load(new PageProcessor() {
            @Override
            public void process(Page page) {
                // Obviously you want to do something other than just printing, 
                // but I don't know what that is...
                System.out.println(page);
           }
        }) ;
    }

}


public class XMLManager {

    public static void load(PageProcessor processor) {
        SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();

        try {

            SAXParser parser = factory.newSAXParser();
            File file = new File("pages-articles.xml");
            PageHandler pageHandler = new PageHandler(processor);

            parser.parse(file, pageHandler);

        } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (SAXException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }
}

将数据发送到此处理器，而不是将其放在列表中：

public class PageHandler extends DefaultHandler {

    private final PageProcessor processor;
    private Page page;
    private StringBuilder stringBuilder;
    private boolean idSet = false;

    public PageHandler(PageProcessor processor) {
        this.processor = processor;
    }

    @Override
    public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName, Attributes attributes) throws SAXException {
         //Unchanged from your implementation
    }

    @Override
    public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length) throws SAXException {
         //Unchanged from your implementation
    }

    @Override
    public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName) throws SAXException {
            //  Elide code not needing change

            } else if (qName.equals("page")){

                processor.process(page);
                page = null;

            }
        } else {
            page = null;
        }
    }

}

当然，您可以使您的界面处理多条记录而不是仅处理一条记录，并将PageHandler收集页面本地放在较小的列表中，并定期将列表发送出去进行处理并清除列表。

或者（也许更好），您可以实现PageProcessor此处定义的接口，并在其中构建逻辑来缓冲数据并将其发送以进一步进行大块处理。