为什么Maven每次都会下载maven-metadata.xml？

Question

当尝试使用maven构建Web应用程序时，当我的Internet连接处于连接状态时，通常会出现以下错误。

我的问题是，为什么在较早构建同一应用程序时，maven总是每次都要下载。

我的配置每次Maven都要下载时可能出什么毛病？

以下是我尝试离线构建时遇到的错误：

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building mywebapp 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
Downloading: https://raw.github.com/pagecrumb/mungo/mvn-repo/com/pagecrumb/mungo/0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/maven-metadata.xml

[WARNING] Could not transfer metadata com.mywebapp:mungo:0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/maven-metadata.xml 
from/to mungo-mvn-repo (https://raw.github.com/pagecrumb/mungo/mvn-repo/): raw.github.com
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-war-plugin:2.1.1:war (default-cli) @ mywebapp ---
[INFO] Packaging webapp
[INFO] Assembling webapp [mywebapp] in [D:\workspace\web\target\mywebapp-1.0-SNAPSHOT]
[INFO] Processing war project
[INFO] Copying webapp resources [D:\workspace\web\src\main\webapp]
[INFO] Webapp assembled in [1237 msecs]
[INFO] Building war: D:\workspace\web\target\mywebapp-1.0-SNAPSHOT.war
[WARNING] Warning: selected war files include a WEB-INF/web.xml which will be ignored 
(webxml attribute is missing from war task, 
or ignoreWebxml attribute is specified as 'true')
[INFO]                                                                         
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building com.mywebapp [com.mywebapp] 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
Downloading: http://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-release-plugin/2.1/maven-release-plugin-2.1.pom

[WARNING] Failed to retrieve plugin descriptor for org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-release-plugin:2.1: Plugin org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-release-plugin:2.1 or one of its dependencies could not be resolved: Failed to read artifact descriptor for org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-release-plugin:jar:2.1
Downloading: http://download.java.net/maven/2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-metadata.xml
Downloading: http://download.java.net/maven/2/org/codehaus/mojo/maven-metadata.xml

397/397 B

Downloaded: http://download.java.net/maven/2/org/codehaus/mojo/maven-metadata.xml (397 B at 0.0 KB/sec)
[WARNING] Failure to transfer org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-war-plugin/maven-metadata.xml from http://download.java.net/maven/2 was cached in the local repository, resolution will not be reattempted until the update interval of maven2-repository.dev.java.net has elapsed or updates are forced. Original error: Could not transfer metadata org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-war-plugin/maven-metadata.xml from/to maven2-repository.dev.java.net (http://download.java.net/maven/2): download.java.net
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-war-plugin:2.3:war (default-cli) @ mywebapp-build ---
[INFO] Packaging webapp
[INFO] Assembling webapp [mywebapp-build] in [D:\workspace\target\mywebapp-build-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT]
[INFO] Processing war project
[INFO] Webapp assembled in [15 msecs]
[INFO] Building war: D:\workspace\target\mywebapp-build-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.war
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Reactor Summary:
[INFO] 
[INFO] mywebapp ..................................... SUCCESS [27.999s]
[INFO] com.mywebapp [com.mywebapp] ..................... FAILURE [1:00.406s]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD FAILURE
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 1:41.409s
[INFO] Finished at: Tue May 07 22:13:38 SGT 2013
[INFO] Final Memory: 11M/28M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-war-plugin:2.3:war 
(default-cli) on project mywebapp-build: Error assembling WAR: webxml attribute is required (or pre-existing WEB-INF/web.xml if executing in update mode)

Answer 1

在您settings.xml的<repositories>元素（或项目的父级或公司父级POM）中查找该元素。它看起来像下面的样子。

<repositories>
    <repository>
        <id>central</id>
        <url>http://gotoNexus</url>
        <snapshots>
            <enabled>true</enabled>
            <updatePolicy>always</updatePolicy>
        </snapshots>
        <releases>
            <enabled>true</enabled>
            <updatePolicy>daily</updatePolicy>
        </releases>
    </repository>
</repositories>

注意<updatePolicy>元素。该示例告诉Maven每当Maven在构建期间需要检索快照工件时，就联系远程仓库（在本例中为Nexus，如果您不使用自己的远程仓库，则为Nexus），以检查是否有更新的副本。为此需要元数据。如果有较新的副本，Maven会将其下载到本地存储库中。

在此示例中，对于发行版，策略是daily这样的，因此它将在当天的首次构建期间进行检查。 never也是有效的选项，如Maven settings
docs中所述
。

插件单独解决。您可能还为它们配置了存储库，如果需要，可以使用不同的更新策略。

<pluginRepositories>
    <pluginRepository>
        <id>central</id>
        <url>http://gotoNexus</url>
        <snapshots>
            <enabled>true</enabled>
            <updatePolicy>daily</updatePolicy>
        </snapshots>
        <releases>
            <enabled>true</enabled>
            <updatePolicy>never</updatePolicy>
        </releases>
    </pluginRepository>
</pluginRepositories>

有人提到了该-o选项。如果使用该选项，则Maven将以“脱机”模式运行。它知道它只有一个本地存储库，无论您使用哪种更新策略，它都不会与远程存储库联系以刷新工件。