修改现有的Yaml文件并添加新数据和注释

Question

我最近看到go yaml lib具有新版本（V3）

具有节点功能（在我看来，这是一个杀手级功能：）），它可以在不更改文件结构的情况下帮助大量修改yaml

但是由于它是相当新的（从上周开始），所以我没有找到一些有用的文档和所需的 上下文 示例（添加新的对象/节点，并 在 不删除注释的情况下保持
文件结构不变 ）等。

我需要的是操作yaml文件

例如

可以说我有这个yaml文件

version: 1
type: verbose
kind : bfr

# my list of applications
applications:
  - name: app1
    kind: nodejs
    path: app1
    exec:
      platforms: k8s
      builder: test

现在，我有一个json对象（例如带有app2），需要将其插入到现有文件中

[

    {
        "comment: "Second app",
        "name": "app2",
        "kind": "golang",
        "path": "app2",
        "exec": {
            "platforms": "dockerh",
            "builder": "test"
        }
    }
]

我需要将其添加到第一个应用程序之后的yml文件中（应用程序是应用程序的数组）

version: 1
type: verbose
kind : bfr

# my list of applications
applications:

#  First app
  - name: app1
    kind: nodejs
    path: app1
    exec:
      platforms: k8s
      builder: test

# Second app
  - name: app2
    kind: golang
    path: app2
    exec:
      platforms: dockerh
      builder: test

是否可以从yaml文件中添加新的json对象？也删除现有的

我也找到了这个博客 https://blog.ubuntu.com/2019/04/05/api-v3-of-the-yaml-package-
for-go-is-available

这是代表对象的类型

type VTS struct {
    version string       `yaml:"version"`
    types   string       `yaml:"type"`
    kind    string       `yaml:"kind,omitempty"`
    apps    Applications `yaml:"applications,omitempty"`
}

type Applications []struct {
    Name string `yaml:"name,omitempty"`
    Kind string `yaml:"kind,omitempty"`
    Path string `yaml:"path,omitempty"`
    Exec struct {
        Platforms string `yaml:"platforms,omitempty"`
        Builder   string `yaml:"builder,omitempty"`
    } `yaml:"exec,omitempty"`
}

更新

在测试由wiil7200 我提供的解决方案后，我发现了2个问题

我用最后写到文件 err = ioutil.WriteFile("output.yaml", b, 0644)

和yaml输出有2个问题。

1. 应用程序的数组从注释开始，应该从名称开始

2. name输入后，该kind属性和之后的所有其他属性均未与name

知道如何解决那些问题吗？考虑到这个comments问题，可以说我是从其他属性而不是从json获得的（如果它使它更简单）

version: 1
type: verbose
kind: bfr


# my list of applications
applications:
-   #  First app
name: app1
    kind: nodejs
    path: app1
    exec:
        platforms: k8s
        builder: test
-   # test 1
name: app2
    kind: golang
    path: app2
    exec:
        platform: dockerh
        builder: test

Answer 1

首先，让我开始说使用yaml.Node从有效yaml编组时不会产生有效的yaml，如以下示例所示。可能应该提出问题。

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "log"

    "gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
)

var (
    sourceYaml = `version: 1
type: verbose
kind : bfr

# my list of applications
applications:

#  First app
  - name: app1
    kind: nodejs
    path: app1
    exec:
      platforms: k8s
      builder: test
`
)

func main() {
    t := yaml.Node{}

    err := yaml.Unmarshal([]byte(sourceYaml), &t)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatalf("error: %v", err)
    }

    b, err := yaml.Marshal(&t)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }
    fmt.Println(string(b))
}

在go版本go1.12.3 windows / amd64中产生以下无效的Yaml

version: 1
type: verbose
kind: bfr


# my list of applications
applications:
-   #  First app
name: app1
    kind: nodejs
    path: app1
    exec:
        platforms: k8s
        builder: test

其次，使用诸如

type VTS struct {
    Version string       `yaml:"version" json:"version"`
    Types   string       `yaml:"type" json:"type"`
    Kind    string       `yaml:"kind,omitempty" json:"kind,omitempty"`
    Apps    yaml.Node `yaml:"applications,omitempty" json:"applications,omitempty"`
}

从ubuntu的博客和源文档中可以看出，它可以正确识别结构中的节点（分别是节点）并分别构建该树，但事实并非如此。取消编组时，它将提供正确的节点树，但是当重新编组时，它将产生以下yaml，其中包含yaml.Node公开的所有字段。可悲的是我们不能走这条路，必须找到另一条路。

version: "1"
type: verbose
kind: bfr
applications:
    kind: 2
    style: 0
    tag: '!!seq'
    value: ""
    anchor: ""
    alias: null
    content:
    -   #  First app
name: app1
        kind: nodejs
        path: app1
        exec:
            platforms: k8s
            builder: test
    headcomment: ""
    linecomment: ""
    footcomment: ""
    line: 9
    column: 3

现在，我们可以忽略结构中yaml.Nodes的第一个问题和程序错误（位于gopkg.in/yaml.v3
v3.0.0-20190409140830-cdc409dda467上），我们可以开始操作程序包公开的Nodes。不幸的是，没有可以轻松添加节点的抽象，因此用途可能会有所不同，并且标识节点可能会很麻烦。反思可能会对您有所帮助，因此我将其作为练习留给您。

您会发现注释spew.Dump以一种不错的格式转储了整个节点Tree，这有助于在将Node添加到源树时进行调试。

当然，您也可以删除节点，只需要确定需要删除的特定节点即可。您只需确保删除父节点（如果它们是图或序列）即可。

package main

import (
    "encoding/json"
    "fmt"
    "log"

    "gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
)

var (
    sourceYaml = `version: 1
type: verbose
kind : bfr

# my list of applications
applications:

#  First app
  - name: app1
    kind: nodejs
    path: app1
    exec:
      platforms: k8s
      builder: test
`
    modifyJsonSource = `
[

    {
        "comment": "Second app",
        "name": "app2",
        "kind": "golang",
        "path": "app2",
        "exec": {
            "platforms": "dockerh",
            "builder": "test"
        }
    }
]
`
)

// VTS Need to Make Fields Public otherwise unmarshalling will not fill in the unexported fields.
type VTS struct {
    Version string       `yaml:"version" json:"version"`
    Types   string       `yaml:"type" json:"type"`
    Kind    string       `yaml:"kind,omitempty" json:"kind,omitempty"`
    Apps    Applications `yaml:"applications,omitempty" json:"applications,omitempty"`
}

type Applications []struct {
    Name string `yaml:"name,omitempty" json:"name,omitempty"`
    Kind string `yaml:"kind,omitempty" json:"kind,omitempty"`
    Path string `yaml:"path,omitempty" json:"path,omitempty"`
    Exec struct {
        Platforms string `yaml:"platforms,omitempty" json:"platforms,omitempty"`
        Builder   string `yaml:"builder,omitempty" json:"builder,omitempty"`
    } `yaml:"exec,omitempty" json:"exec,omitempty"`
    Comment string `yaml:"comment,omitempty" json:"comment,omitempty"`
}

func main() {
    t := yaml.Node{}

    err := yaml.Unmarshal([]byte(sourceYaml), &t)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatalf("error: %v", err)
    }

    // Look for the Map Node with the seq array of items
    applicationNode := iterateNode(&t, "applications")

    // spew.Dump(iterateNode(&t, "applications"))

    var addFromJson Applications
    err = json.Unmarshal([]byte(modifyJsonSource), &addFromJson)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatalf("error: %v", err)
    }

    // Delete the Original Applications the following options:
    // applicationNode.Content = []*yaml.Node{}
    // deleteAllContents(applicationNode)
    deleteApplication(applicationNode, "name", "app1")


    for _, app := range addFromJson {
        // Build New Map Node for new sequences coming in from json
        mapNode := &yaml.Node{Kind: yaml.MappingNode, Tag: "!!map"}

        // Build Name, Kind, and Path Nodes
        mapNode.Content = append(mapNode.Content, buildStringNodes("name", app.Name, app.Comment)...)
        mapNode.Content = append(mapNode.Content, buildStringNodes("kind", app.Kind, "")...)
        mapNode.Content = append(mapNode.Content, buildStringNodes("path", app.Path, "")...)

        // Build the Exec Nodes and the Platform and Builder Nodes within it
        keyMapNode, keyMapValuesNode := buildMapNodes("exec")
        keyMapValuesNode.Content = append(keyMapValuesNode.Content, buildStringNodes("platform", app.Exec.Platforms, "")...)
        keyMapValuesNode.Content = append(keyMapValuesNode.Content, buildStringNodes("builder", app.Exec.Builder, "")...)

        // Add to parent map Node
        mapNode.Content = append(mapNode.Content, keyMapNode, keyMapValuesNode)

        // Add to applications Node
        applicationNode.Content = append(applicationNode.Content, mapNode)
    }
    // spew.Dump(t)
    b, err := yaml.Marshal(&t)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }
    fmt.Println(string(b))
}

// iterateNode will recursive look for the node following the identifier Node,
// as go-yaml has a node for the key and the value itself
// we want to manipulate the value Node
func iterateNode(node *yaml.Node, identifier string) *yaml.Node {
    returnNode := false
    for _, n := range node.Content {
        if n.Value == identifier {
            returnNode = true
            continue
        }
        if returnNode {
            return n
        }
        if len(n.Content) > 0 {
            ac_node := iterateNode(n, identifier)
            if ac_node != nil {
                return ac_node
            }
        }
    }
    return nil
}

// deleteAllContents will remove all the contents of a node
// Mark sure to pass the correct node in otherwise bad things will happen
func deleteAllContents(node *yaml.Node) {
    node.Content = []*yaml.Node{}
}

// deleteApplication expects that a sequence Node with all the applications are present
// if the key value are not found it will not log any errors, and return silently
// this is expecting a map like structure for the applications
func deleteApplication(node *yaml.Node, key, value string) {
    state := -1
    indexRemove := -1
    for index, parentNode := range node.Content {
        for _, childNode := range parentNode.Content {
            if key == childNode.Value && state == -1 {
                state += 1
                continue // found expected move onto next
            }
            if value == childNode.Value && state == 0 {
                state += 1
                indexRemove = index
                break // found the target exit out of the loop
            } else if state == 0 {
                state = -1
            }
        }
    }
    if state == 1 {
        // Remove node from contents
        // node.Content = append(node.Content[:indexRemove], node.Content[indexRemove+1:]...)
        // Don't Do this you might have a potential memory leak source: https://github.com/golang/go/wiki/SliceTricks
        // Since the underlying nodes are pointers
        length := len(node.Content)
        copy(node.Content[indexRemove:], node.Content[indexRemove+1:])
        node.Content[length-1] = nil
        node.Content = node.Content[:length-1]
    }
}


// buildStringNodes builds Nodes for a single key: value instance
func buildStringNodes(key, value, comment string) []*yaml.Node {
    keyNode := &yaml.Node{
        Kind:        yaml.ScalarNode,
        Tag:         "!!str",
        Value:       key,
        HeadComment: comment,
    }
    valueNode := &yaml.Node{
        Kind:  yaml.ScalarNode,
        Tag:   "!!str",
        Value: value,
    }
    return []*yaml.Node{keyNode, valueNode}
}

// buildMapNodes builds Nodes for a key: map instance
func buildMapNodes(key string) (*yaml.Node, *yaml.Node) {
    n1, n2 := &yaml.Node{
        Kind:  yaml.ScalarNode,
        Tag:   "!!str",
        Value: key,
    }, &yaml.Node{Kind: yaml.MappingNode,
        Tag: "!!map",
    }
    return n1, n2
}

生产yaml

version: 1
type: verbose
kind: bfr


# my list of applications
applications:
-   #  First app
name: app1
    kind: nodejs
    path: app1
    exec:
        platforms: k8s
        builder: test
-   # Second app
name: app2
    kind: golang
    path: app2
    exec:
        platform: dockerh
        builder: test