如何解析JSON文件？

Question

到目前为止，我的目标是在Rust中解析此JSON数据：

extern crate rustc_serialize;
use rustc_serialize::json::Json;
use std::fs::File;
use std::io::copy;
use std::io::stdout;

fn main() {
    let mut file = File::open("text.json").unwrap();
    let mut stdout = stdout();
    let mut str = &copy(&mut file, &mut stdout).unwrap().to_string();
    let data = Json::from_str(str).unwrap();
}

并且text.json是

{
    "FirstName": "John",
    "LastName": "Doe",
    "Age": 43,
    "Address": {
        "Street": "Downing Street 10",
        "City": "London",
        "Country": "Great Britain"
    },
    "PhoneNumbers": [
        "[phone]",
        "[phone]"
    ]
}

我下一步应该解析什么？我的主要目标是获取这样的JSON数据，并从其中解析密钥（例如Age）。

Answer 1

Serde是首选的JSON序列化提供程序。您可以通过多种方式从文件中读取JSON文本。将其作为字符串使用后，请使用serde_json::from_str：

fn main() {
    let the_file = r#"{
        "FirstName": "John",
        "LastName": "Doe",
        "Age": 43,
        "Address": {
            "Street": "Downing Street 10",
            "City": "London",
            "Country": "Great Britain"
        },
        "PhoneNumbers": [
            "[phone]",
            "[phone]"
        ]
    }"#;

    let json: serde_json::Value =
        serde_json::from_str(the_file).expect("JSON was not well-formatted");
}

Cargo.toml：

[dependencies]
serde = { version = "1.0.104", features = ["derive"] }
serde_json = "1.0.48"

您甚至可以使用类似的serde_json::from_reader方法直接从已打开的读取File。

Serde可以用于JSON以外的其他格式，并且可以序列化和反序列化为自定义结构，而不是任意集合：

use serde::Deserialize;

#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
#[serde(rename_all = "PascalCase")]
struct Person {
    first_name: String,
    last_name: String,
    age: u8,
    address: Address,
    phone_numbers: Vec<String>,
}

#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
#[serde(rename_all = "PascalCase")]
struct Address {
    street: String,
    city: String,
    country: String,
}

fn main() {
    let the_file = /* ... */;

    let person: Person = serde_json::from_str(the_file).expect("JSON was not well-formatted");
    println!("{:?}", person)
}

有关更多详细信息，请访问Serde网站。