正则表达式开始于无法使用Elasticsearch 6. *

Question

我在理解ElasticSearch中的regexp机制时遇到了麻烦。我有代表物业单位的文件：

{
    "Unit" :
    {
         "DailyAvailablity" : 
         "UIAOUUUUUUUIAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAOUUUUIAAAAOUUUIAOUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUIAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAOUUUUUUUUUUIAAAAAOUUUUUUUUUUUUUIAAAAOUUUUUUUUUUUUUIAAAAAAAAOUUUUUUIAAAAAAAAAOUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUIUUUUUUUUIUUUUUUUUUUUUUUIAAAOUUUUUUUUUUUUUIUUUUIAOUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUIAAAAAAAAAAAAOUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUIAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAOUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUIAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA"
    }
}

从今天开始，DailyAvailability字段按天数对未来两年的财产可用性进行编码。’A’表示可用，’U’不可删除，’I’可以签入，’O’可以签出。如何编写正则表达式过滤器以获取特定日期可用的所有单位？

我试图在DailyAvailability字段中找到具有特定长度和偏移量的’A’子字符串。例如，查找从今天起7天内可使用7天的广告单元：

{
 "query": {
   "bool": {
     "filter": [
        {
         "regexp": { "Unit.DailyAvailability": {"value": ".{7}a{7}.*" } }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

该查询返回具有DateAvailability的实例单元，该实例单元从“
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUIAA”开始，但在字段内部包含合适的序列。如何锚定整个源字符串的正则表达式？ES文档说，lucene
regex应该默认锚定。

PS我试过了'^.{7}a{7}.*$'。返回空集。

Answer 1

看起来您正在使用text数据类型进行html" target="_blank">存储Unit.DailyAvailability（如果使用动态映射，这也是字符串的默认值）。您应该考虑改用keyword数据类型。

让我详细解释一下。

为什么我的正则表达式与text字段中间的内容匹配？

text数据类型所发生的是，对数据进行了分析以进行全文搜索。它进行了一些转换，例如降低大小写并拆分为令牌。

让我们尝试对您的输入使用Analyze
API
：

POST _analyze
{
  "text": "UIAOUUUUUUUIAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAOUUUUIAAAAOUUUIAOUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUIAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAOUUUUUUUUUUIAAAAAOUUUUUUUUUUUUUIAAAAOUUUUUUUUUUUUUIAAAAAAAAOUUUUUUIAAAAAAAAAOUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUIUUUUUUUUIUUUUUUUUUUUUUUIAAAOUUUUUUUUUUUUUIUUUUIAOUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUIAAAAAAAAAAAAOUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUIAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAOUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUIAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA"
}

响应为：

{
  "tokens": [
    {
      "token": "uiaouuuuuuuiaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaouuuuiaaaaouuuiaouuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuiaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaouuuuuuuuuuiaaaaaouuuuuuuuuuuuuiaaaaouuuuuuuuuuuuuiaaaaaaaaouuuuuuiaaaaaaaaaouuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuiuuuuuuuuiuuuuuuuuuuuuuuiaaaouuuuuuuuuuuuuiuuuuiaouuuuuuuuuuuuuuu",
      "start_offset": 0,
      "end_offset": 255,
      "type": "<ALPHANUM>",
      "position": 0
    },
    {
      "token": "uuuuuuuuuuuuuuiaaaaaaaaaaaaouuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuiaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa",
      "start_offset": 255,
      "end_offset": 510,
      "type": "<ALPHANUM>",
      "position": 1
    },
    {
      "token": "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaouuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuiaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa",
      "start_offset": 510,
      "end_offset": 732,
      "type": "<ALPHANUM>",
      "position": 2
    }
  ]
}

如您所见，Elasticsearch将您的输入分为三个标记并将它们小写。这看起来是出乎意料的，但是如果您认为它实际上是试图促进人类语言单词的搜索，那是有道理的-
没有那么长的单词。

这就是为什么现在regexp查询".{7}a{7}.*"将匹配：有一个标记，实际上有很多开始a的，这是一种预期行为的regexp查询。

… Elasticsearch会将正则表达式应用于令牌生成器针对该字段生成的术语，而不应用于该字段的原始文本。

如何使regexp查询考虑整个字符串？

这很简单：不要使用分析仪。该类型keyword按原样存储您提供的字符串。

使用这样的映射：

PUT my_regexes
{
  "mappings": {
    "doc": {
      "properties": {
        "Unit": {
          "properties": {
            "DailyAvailablity": {
              "type": "keyword"
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

您将可以进行如下查询，以匹配帖子中的文档：

POST my_regexes/doc/_search
{
 "query": {
   "bool": {
     "filter": [
        {
         "regexp": { "Unit.DailyAvailablity": "UIAOUUUUUUUIA.*"  }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

请注意，查询变得区分大小写，因为未分析该字段。

这regexp将不再返回任何结果：".{12}a{7}.*"

这将： ".{12}A{7}.*"

那么锚定呢？

正则表达式锚定：

Lucene的模式始终是固定的。提供的模式必须与整个字符串匹配。

看起来锚定错误的原因很可能是因为令牌在分析的text字段中分裂了。

希望有帮助！