多字段，多单词，不带query_string的匹配

Question

我希望能够将多个单词搜索与多个字段匹配，其中每个搜索的单词都包含在 任何 字段，任何组合中。问题是我想 避免使用 query_string。

curl -X POST "http://localhost:9200/index/document/1" -d '{"id":1,"firstname":"john","middlename":"clark","lastname":"smith"}'
curl -X POST "http://localhost:9200/index/document/2" -d '{"id":2,"firstname":"john","middlename":"paladini","lastname":"miranda"}'

我希望搜索“ John Smith”以仅匹配文档1。以下查询满足了我的需要，但我宁愿避免使用query_string，以防用户传递“ OR”，“
AND”和任何其他高级参数。

curl -X GET 'http://localhost:9200/index/_search?per_page=10&pretty' -d '{
  "query": {
    "query_string": {
      "query": "john smith",
      "default_operator": "AND",
      "fields": [
        "firstname",
        "lastname",
        "middlename"
      ]
    }
  }
}'

Answer 1

您正在寻找的是多重匹配查询，但是它的执行效果并不理想。

比较器的输出验证了multi_matchVS query_string。

multi_match（与operator一起使用and）将确保所有术语都存在于至少一个字段中：

curl -XGET 'http://127.0.0.1:9200/_validate/query?pretty=1&explain=true'  -d '
{
   "multi_match" : {
      "operator" : "and",
      "fields" : [
         "firstname",
         "lastname"
      ],
      "query" : "john smith"
   }
}
'

# {
#    "_shards" : {
#       "failed" : 0,
#       "successful" : 1,
#       "total" : 1
#    },
#    "explanations" : [
#       {
#          "index" : "test",
#          "explanation" : "((+lastname:john +lastname:smith) | (+firstname:john +firstname:smith))",
#          "valid" : true
#       }
#    ],
#    "valid" : true
# }

虽然query_string（with default_operator AND）将检查EACH术语是否存在于至少一个字段中：

curl -XGET 'http://127.0.0.1:9200/_validate/query?pretty=1&explain=true'  -d '
{
   "query_string" : {
      "fields" : [
         "firstname",
         "lastname"
      ],
      "query" : "john smith",
      "default_operator" : "AND"
   }
}
'

# {
#    "_shards" : {
#       "failed" : 0,
#       "successful" : 1,
#       "total" : 1
#    },
#    "explanations" : [
#       {
#          "index" : "test",
#          "explanation" : "+(firstname:john | lastname:john) +(firstname:smith | lastname:smith)",
#          "valid" : true
#       }
#    ],
#    "valid" : true
# }

因此，您有几种选择可以实现自己的目标：

1. 在使用搜索引擎之前，请准备好搜索字词，以删除通配符等内容。 query_string

2. 准备搜索词以提取每个单词，然后为每个单词生成multi_match查询

3. 使用index_name您的映射名称字段来索引他们的数据到一个单一的领域，然后你就可以使用搜索。（例如您自己的自定义all字段）：

如下：

curl -XPUT 'http://127.0.0.1:9200/test/?pretty=1'  -d '
{
   "mappings" : {
      "test" : {
         "properties" : {
            "firstname" : {
               "index_name" : "name",
               "type" : "string"
            },
            "lastname" : {
               "index_name" : "name",
               "type" : "string"
            }
         }
      }
   }
}
'

curl -XPOST 'http://127.0.0.1:9200/test/test?pretty=1'  -d '
{
   "firstname" : "john",
   "lastname" : "smith"
}
'

curl -XGET 'http://127.0.0.1:9200/test/test/_search?pretty=1'  -d '
{
   "query" : {
      "match" : {
         "name" : {
            "operator" : "and",
            "query" : "john smith"
         }
      }
   }
}
'

# {
#    "hits" : {
#       "hits" : [
#          {
#             "_source" : {
#                "firstname" : "john",
#                "lastname" : "smith"
#             },
#             "_score" : 0.2712221,
#             "_index" : "test",
#             "_id" : "VJFU_RWbRNaeHF9wNM8fRA",
#             "_type" : "test"
#          }
#       ],
#       "max_score" : 0.2712221,
#       "total" : 1
#    },
#    "timed_out" : false,
#    "_shards" : {
#       "failed" : 0,
#       "successful" : 5,
#       "total" : 5
#    },
#    "took" : 33
# }

但是请注意，firstname并且lastname不再可以独立搜索。这两个字段的数据都已索引到中name。

您可以将multifields与path参数一起使用，以使它们既可以独立搜索也可以一起搜索，如下所示：

curl -XPUT 'http://127.0.0.1:9200/test/?pretty=1'  -d '
{
   "mappings" : {
      "test" : {
         "properties" : {
            "firstname" : {
               "fields" : {
                  "firstname" : {
                     "type" : "string"
                  },
                  "any_name" : {
                     "type" : "string"
                  }
               },
               "path" : "just_name",
               "type" : "multi_field"
            },
            "lastname" : {
               "fields" : {
                  "any_name" : {
                     "type" : "string"
                  },
                  "lastname" : {
                     "type" : "string"
                  }
               },
               "path" : "just_name",
               "type" : "multi_field"
            }
         }
      }
   }
}
'

curl -XPOST 'http://127.0.0.1:9200/test/test?pretty=1'  -d '
{
   "firstname" : "john",
   "lastname" : "smith"
}
'

搜索any_name现场作品：

curl -XGET 'http://127.0.0.1:9200/test/test/_search?pretty=1'  -d '
{
   "query" : {
      "match" : {
         "any_name" : {
            "operator" : "and",
            "query" : "john smith"
         }
      }
   }
}
'

# {
#    "hits" : {
#       "hits" : [
#          {
#             "_source" : {
#                "firstname" : "john",
#                "lastname" : "smith"
#             },
#             "_score" : 0.2712221,
#             "_index" : "test",
#             "_id" : "Xf9qqKt0TpCuyLWioNh-iQ",
#             "_type" : "test"
#          }
#       ],
#       "max_score" : 0.2712221,
#       "total" : 1
#    },
#    "timed_out" : false,
#    "_shards" : {
#       "failed" : 0,
#       "successful" : 5,
#       "total" : 5
#    },
#    "took" : 11
# }

搜索firstname为john AND smith不工作：

curl -XGET 'http://127.0.0.1:9200/test/test/_search?pretty=1'  -d '
{
   "query" : {
      "match" : {
         "firstname" : {
            "operator" : "and",
            "query" : "john smith"
         }
      }
   }
}
'

# {
#    "hits" : {
#       "hits" : [],
#       "max_score" : null,
#       "total" : 0
#    },
#    "timed_out" : false,
#    "_shards" : {
#       "failed" : 0,
#       "successful" : 5,
#       "total" : 5
#    },
#    "took" : 2
# }

但是搜索firstname仅能john正常工作：

curl -XGET 'http://127.0.0.1:9200/test/test/_search?pretty=1'  -d '
{
   "query" : {
      "match" : {
         "firstname" : {
            "operator" : "and",
            "query" : "john"
         }
      }
   }
}
'

# {
#    "hits" : {
#       "hits" : [
#          {
#             "_source" : {
#                "firstname" : "john",
#                "lastname" : "smith"
#             },
#             "_score" : 0.30685282,
#             "_index" : "test",
#             "_id" : "Xf9qqKt0TpCuyLWioNh-iQ",
#             "_type" : "test"
#          }
#       ],
#       "max_score" : 0.30685282,
#       "total" : 1
#    },
#    "timed_out" : false,
#    "_shards" : {
#       "failed" : 0,
#       "successful" : 5,
#       "total" : 5
#    },
#    "took" : 3
# }