偶尔获取SqlException：超时已过期

Question

我的服务器上正在运行应用程序。此应用程序的问题在于，每天我将获得近10-20，System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException Timeout expired. The timeout period elapsed prior to completion of the operation or the server is not responding仅是我的SP之一。这是我的SP，

            ALTER PROCEDURE [dbo].[Insertorupdatedevicecatalog] 
                            (@OS                NVARCHAR(50) 
                            ,@UniqueID          VARCHAR(500)
                            ,@Longitude         FLOAT 
                            ,@Latitude          FLOAT
                            ,@Culture           VARCHAR(10)
                            ,@Other             NVARCHAR(200)
                            ,@IPAddress         VARCHAR(50)
                            ,@NativeDeviceID    VARCHAR(50))
            AS 
            BEGIN

                DECLARE @OldUniqueID VARCHAR(500) = '-1';
                SELECT @OldUniqueID = [UniqueID] FROM DeviceCatalog WHERE (@NativeDeviceID != '' AND [NativeDeviceID] = @NativeDeviceID);

                BEGIN TRANSACTION [Tran1]
                    BEGIN TRY
                        IF EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM DeviceCatalog WHERE [UniqueID] = @UniqueID) 
                        BEGIN 
                            UPDATE  DeviceCatalog 
                               SET  [OS] = @OS
                                   ,[Location] = geography::STGeomFromText('POINT(' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(100 ), @Longitude) + ' ' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(100), @Latitude) + ')', 4326)
                                   ,[Culture] = @Culture
                                   ,[Other] = @Other
                                   ,[Lastmodifieddate] = Getdate()
                                   ,[IPAddress] = @IPAddress
                            WHERE   [UniqueID] = @UniqueID;
                        END
                        ELSE 
                        BEGIN
                            INSERT INTO DeviceCatalog
                                        ([OS]
                                        ,[UniqueID]
                                        ,[Location] 
                                        ,[Culture] 
                                        ,[Other]
                                        ,[IPAddress]
                                        ,[NativeDeviceID])
                                VALUES  (@OS
                                        ,@UniqueID
                                        ,geography::STGeomFromText('POINT(' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(100) ,@Longitude) + ' ' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(100), @Latitude) + ')', 4326) 
                                        ,@Culture
                                        ,@Other
                                        ,@IPAddress
                                        ,@NativeDeviceID);
                                IF(@OldUniqueID != '-1' AND @OldUniqueID != @UniqueID)
                                BEGIN
                                    EXEC DeleteOldDevice @OldUniqueID, @UniqueID;
                                END
                        END
                        COMMIT TRANSACTION [Tran1];
                    END TRY
                    BEGIN CATCH
                        ROLLBACK TRANSACTION [Tran1];
                        DECLARE @ErrorNumber nchar(5), @ErrorMessage nvarchar(2048);
                        SELECT
                            @ErrorNumber = RIGHT('00000' + ERROR_NUMBER(), 5),
                            @ErrorMessage = @ErrorNumber + ' ' + ERROR_MESSAGE();
                        RAISERROR (@ErrorMessage, 16, 1);
                    END CATCH
            END

此SP有任何问题吗？为什么我仅在此SP中收到超时异常？这是堆栈跟踪，

System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException (0x80131904): Timeout expired.  The timeout period elapsed prior to completion of the operation or the server is not responding.
   at System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection.OnError(SqlException exception, Boolean breakConnection)
   at System.Data.SqlClient.TdsParser.ThrowExceptionAndWarning()
   at System.Data.SqlClient.TdsParser.Run(RunBehavior runBehavior, SqlCommand cmdHandler, SqlDataReader dataStream, BulkCopySimpleResultSet bulkCopyHandler, TdsParserStateObject stateObj)
   at System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand.FinishExecuteReader(SqlDataReader ds, RunBehavior runBehavior, String resetOptionsString)
   at System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand.RunExecuteReaderTds(CommandBehavior cmdBehavior, RunBehavior runBehavior, Boolean returnStream, Boolean async)
   at System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand.RunExecuteReader(CommandBehavior cmdBehavior, RunBehavior runBehavior, Boolean returnStream, String method, DbAsyncResult result)
   at System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand.InternalExecuteNonQuery(DbAsyncResult result, String methodName, Boolean sendToPipe)
   at System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand.ExecuteNonQuery()
   at App.Classes.DBLayer.Execute(SqlCommand command, Boolean executeNonQuery)
   at App.Helpers.SQLHelper.GetResult(List`1 parameters, Boolean storedProcedure, String commandText, ResultType type)
   at App.Helpers.SQLHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(List`1 parameters, Boolean storedProcedure, String commandText)
   at App.Services.DeviceCatalogService.InsertOrUpdateDeviceCatalog(DeviceCatalog deviceCataLog)
   at WebApplication1.Handlers.RegisterDevice.ProcessRequest(HttpContext context)
   at System.Web.HttpApplication.CallHandlerExecutionStep.System.Web.HttpApplication.IExecutionStep.Execute()
   at System.Web.HttpApplication.ExecuteStep(IExecutionStep step, Boolean& completedSynchronously)

Answer 1

您需要在服务器端对此进行调查，以了解执行超时的原因。请注意，服务器没有超时，该超时是由上默认的30秒引起的SqlCommand.CommandTimeout。

Waits和Queues是一个很好的资源，它是一种诊断SQL
Server性能瓶颈的方法。根据超时的实际原因，可以采取适当的措施。您必须首先确定是要处理执行缓慢（不好的计划）还是阻塞。

如果我大胆猜测，我会说的不健康模式IF EXISTS... UPDATE是根本原因。此模式不正确，并发会导致失败。同时执行的两个并发事务IF EXISTS都将得出相同的结论，并且 都将
尝试执行INSERT或UPDATE。根据数据库中现有的约束，您可能会遇到死锁（幸运的情况）或丢失的写入（不幸的情况）。但是，只有进行适当的调查才能揭示出实际的根本原因。可能完全不同，例如自动增长事件。

您的过程还错误地处理了CATCH块。您必须 始终 检查，XACT_STATE()因为在您的CATCH块运行时可能已经回滚了该事务。也不清楚您对事务命名的期望，这是我经常看到的与将命名事务与保存点混淆有关的常见错误。