python中路径的跨平台拆分

Question

我想要具有与之相同的效果的东西：

>>> path = "/foo/bar/baz/file"
>>> path_split = path.rsplit('/')[1:]
>>> path_split
['foo', 'bar', 'baz', 'file']

但这也适用于Windows路径。我知道这里有一个，os.path.split()但是并不能满足我的要求，而且我也没有看到任何可以满足要求的东西。

Answer 1

OP指定“也将适用于Windows路径”。Windows路径有一些折痕。

首先，Windows有多个驱动器的概念，每一个都有自己当前的工作目录，'c:foo'而'c:\\foo'往往是不一样的。因此，最好先使用os.path.splitdrive（）分离出任何驱动器指示符。然后可以通过以下方法正确地重新组装路径（如果需要）
drive + os.path.join(*other_pieces)

其次，Windows路径可以包含斜杠或反斜杠或混合使用。因此，os.sep在解析非规范化路径时使用是没有用的。

更普遍：

产生的结果'foo'和'foo/'不应相同。

最好以“ os.path.split（）将其输入视为不可拆分”来表示循环终止条件。

这是一个建议的解决方案，带有测试，包括与@Spacedman解决方案的比较

import os.path

def os_path_split_asunder(path, debug=False):
    parts = []
    while True:
        newpath, tail = os.path.split(path)
        if debug: print repr(path), (newpath, tail)
        if newpath == path:
            assert not tail
            if path: parts.append(path)
            break
        parts.append(tail)
        path = newpath
    parts.reverse()
    return parts

def spacedman_parts(path):
    components = [] 
    while True:
        (path,tail) = os.path.split(path)
        if not tail:
            return components
        components.insert(0,tail)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    tests = [
        '',
        'foo',
        'foo/',
        'foo\\',
        '/foo',
        '\\foo',
        'foo/bar',
        '/',
        'c:',
        'c:/',
        'c:foo',
        'c:/foo',
        'c:/users/john/foo.txt',
        '/users/john/foo.txt',
        'foo/bar/baz/loop',
        'foo/bar/baz/',
        '//hostname/foo/bar.txt',
        ]
    for i, test in enumerate(tests):
        print "\nTest %d: %r" % (i, test)
        drive, path = os.path.splitdrive(test)
        print 'drive, path', repr(drive), repr(path)
        a = os_path_split_asunder(path)
        b = spacedman_parts(path)
        print "a ... %r" % a
        print "b ... %r" % b
        print a == b

这是输出（Python 2.7.1，Windows 7 Pro）：

Test 0: ''
drive, path '' ''
a ... []
b ... []
True

Test 1: 'foo'
drive, path '' 'foo'
a ... ['foo']
b ... ['foo']
True

Test 2: 'foo/'
drive, path '' 'foo/'
a ... ['foo', '']
b ... []
False

Test 3: 'foo\\'
drive, path '' 'foo\\'
a ... ['foo', '']
b ... []
False

Test 4: '/foo'
drive, path '' '/foo'
a ... ['/', 'foo']
b ... ['foo']
False

Test 5: '\\foo'
drive, path '' '\\foo'
a ... ['\\', 'foo']
b ... ['foo']
False

Test 6: 'foo/bar'
drive, path '' 'foo/bar'
a ... ['foo', 'bar']
b ... ['foo', 'bar']
True

Test 7: '/'
drive, path '' '/'
a ... ['/']
b ... []
False

Test 8: 'c:'
drive, path 'c:' ''
a ... []
b ... []
True

Test 9: 'c:/'
drive, path 'c:' '/'
a ... ['/']
b ... []
False

Test 10: 'c:foo'
drive, path 'c:' 'foo'
a ... ['foo']
b ... ['foo']
True

Test 11: 'c:/foo'
drive, path 'c:' '/foo'
a ... ['/', 'foo']
b ... ['foo']
False

Test 12: 'c:/users/john/foo.txt'
drive, path 'c:' '/users/john/foo.txt'
a ... ['/', 'users', 'john', 'foo.txt']
b ... ['users', 'john', 'foo.txt']
False

Test 13: '/users/john/foo.txt'
drive, path '' '/users/john/foo.txt'
a ... ['/', 'users', 'john', 'foo.txt']
b ... ['users', 'john', 'foo.txt']
False

Test 14: 'foo/bar/baz/loop'
drive, path '' 'foo/bar/baz/loop'
a ... ['foo', 'bar', 'baz', 'loop']
b ... ['foo', 'bar', 'baz', 'loop']
True

Test 15: 'foo/bar/baz/'
drive, path '' 'foo/bar/baz/'
a ... ['foo', 'bar', 'baz', '']
b ... []
False

Test 16: '//hostname/foo/bar.txt'
drive, path '' '//hostname/foo/bar.txt'
a ... ['//', 'hostname', 'foo', 'bar.txt']
b ... ['hostname', 'foo', 'bar.txt']
False