字符串处理（ String Handling）

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2023-12-01

COBOL中的字符串处理语句用于对字符串执行多个功能操作。以下是字符串处理语句 -

Inspect
String
Unstring

Inspect

Inspect verb用于计算或替换字符串中的字符。可以对字母数字，数字或字母值执行字符串操作。检查操作从左到右执行。用于字符串操作的选项如下 -

Tallying

Tallying选项用于计算字符串字符。

Syntax

以下是Tallying选项的语法 -

INSPECT input-string
TALLYING output-count FOR ALL CHARACTERS

使用的参数是 -

input-string - 要计算其字符的字符串。
output-count - 保存字符数的数据项。

Example

IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
PROGRAM-ID. HELLO.
DATA DIVISION.
   WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
   01 WS-CNT1 PIC 9(2) VALUE 0.
   01 WS-CNT2 PIC 9(2) VALUE 0.
   01 WS-STRING PIC X(15) VALUE 'ABCDACDADEAAAFF'.
PROCEDURE DIVISION.
   INSPECT WS-STRING TALLYING WS-CNT1 FOR ALL CHARACTERS.
   DISPLAY "WS-CNT1 : "WS-CNT1.
   INSPECT WS-STRING TALLYING WS-CNT2 FOR ALL 'A'.
   DISPLAY "WS-CNT2 : "WS-CNT2
STOP RUN.

JCL执行上面的COBOL程序。

//SAMPLE JOB(TESTJCL,XXXXXX),CLASS = A,MSGCLASS = C
//STEP1 EXEC PGM = HELLO

编译并执行上述程序时，会产生以下结果 -

WS-CNT1 : 15
WS-CNT2 : 06

更换(Replacing)

替换选项用于替换字符串字符。

Syntax

以下是更换选项的语法 -

INSPECT input-string REPLACING ALL char1 BY char2.

使用的参数是 -

input-string - 要将字符从char1替换为char2的字符串。

Example

IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
PROGRAM-ID. HELLO.
DATA DIVISION.
   WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
   01 WS-STRING PIC X(15) VALUE 'ABCDACDADEAAAFF'.
PROCEDURE DIVISION.
   DISPLAY "OLD STRING : "WS-STRING.
   INSPECT WS-STRING REPLACING ALL 'A' BY 'X'.
   DISPLAY "NEW STRING : "WS-STRING.
STOP RUN.

JCL执行上面的COBOL程序。

//SAMPLE JOB(TESTJCL,XXXXXX),CLASS = A,MSGCLASS = C
//STEP1 EXEC PGM = HELLO

编译并执行上述程序时，会产生以下结果 -

OLD STRING : ABCDACDADEAAAFF
NEW STRING : XBCDXCDXDEXXXFF

String

字符串动词用于连接字符串。使用STRING语句，可以组合两个或多个字符串以形成更长的字符串。 'Delimited By'条款是强制性的。

Syntax

以下是String动词的语法 -

STRING ws-string1 DELIMITED BY SPACE
   ws-string2 DELIMITED BY SIZE
   INTO ws-destination-string
   WITH POINTER ws-count
   ON OVERFLOW DISPLAY message1
   NOT ON OVERFLOW DISPLAY message2
END-STRING.

以下是使用参数的详细信息 -

ws-string1和ws-string2:要连接的输入字符串
ws-string:输出字符串
ws-count:用于计算新连接字符串的长度
Delimited指定字符串的结尾
指针和溢出是可选的

Example

IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
PROGRAM-ID. HELLO.
DATA DIVISION.
   WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
   01 WS-STRING PIC A(30).
   01 WS-STR1 PIC A(15) VALUE 'IoWiki'.
   01 WS-STR2 PIC A(7) VALUE 'Welcome'.
   01 WS-STR3 PIC A(7) VALUE 'To AND'.
   01 WS-COUNT PIC 99 VALUE 1.
PROCEDURE DIVISION.
   STRING WS-STR2 DELIMITED BY SIZE
      WS-STR3 DELIMITED BY SPACE
      WS-STR1 DELIMITED BY SIZE
      INTO WS-STRING 
      WITH POINTER WS-COUNT
      ON OVERFLOW DISPLAY 'OVERFLOW!' 
   END-STRING.
   DISPLAY 'WS-STRING : 'WS-STRING.
   DISPLAY 'WS-COUNT : 'WS-COUNT.
STOP RUN.

JCL执行上述COBOL程序 -

//SAMPLE JOB(TESTJCL,XXXXXX),CLASS = A,MSGCLASS = C
//STEP1 EXEC PGM = HELLO

编译并执行上述程序时，会产生以下结果 -

WS-STRING : WelcomeToIoWiki       
WS-COUNT : 25

Unstring

Unstring动词用于将一个字符串拆分为多个子字符串。定界条款是强制性的。

Syntax

以下是Unstring动词的语法 -

UNSTRING ws-string DELIMITED BY SPACE
INTO ws-str1, ws-str2
WITH POINTER ws-count
ON OVERFLOW DISPLAY message
NOT ON OVERFLOW DISPLAY message
END-UNSTRING.

Example

IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
PROGRAM-ID. HELLO.
DATA DIVISION.
   WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
   01 WS-STRING PIC A(30) VALUE 'WELCOME TO IOWIKI'.
   01 WS-STR1 PIC A(7).
   01 WS-STR2 PIC A(2).
   01 WS-STR3 PIC A(15).
   01 WS-COUNT PIC 99 VALUE 1.
PROCEDURE DIVISION.
   UNSTRING WS-STRING DELIMITED BY SPACE
      INTO WS-STR1, WS-STR2, WS-STR3
   END-UNSTRING.
   DISPLAY 'WS-STR1 : 'WS-STR1.
   DISPLAY 'WS-STR2 : 'WS-STR2.
   DISPLAY 'WS-STR3 : 'WS-STR3.
STOP RUN.

JCL执行上述COBOL程序 -

//SAMPLE JOB(TESTJCL,XXXXXX),CLASS = A,MSGCLASS = C
//STEP1 EXEC PGM = HELLO

编译并执行上述程序时，会产生以下结果 -

WS-STR1 : WELCOME
WS-STR2 : TO
WS-STR3 : IOWIKI