解析XML文档(Parse XML Document)
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2023-12-01
使用DOM的步骤
以下是使用DOM Parser解析文档时使用的步骤。
导入与XML相关的包。
创建一个DocumentBuilder
从文件或流创建文档
提取根元素
检查属性
检查子元素
Import XML-related packages
import org.w3c.dom.*;
import javax.xml.parsers.*;
import java.io.*;
创建一个DocumentBuilder (Create a DocumentBuilder)
DocumentBuilderFactory factory =
DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder();
从文件或流创建文档
StringBuilder xmlStringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
xmlStringBuilder.append("<?xml version = "1.0"?> <class> </class>");
ByteArrayInputStream input = new ByteArrayInputStream(
xmlStringBuilder.toString().getBytes("UTF-8"));
Document doc = builder.parse(input);
提取根元素
Element root = document.getDocumentElement();
检查属性 (Examine attributes)
//returns specific attribute
getAttribute("attributeName");
//returns a Map (table) of names/values
getAttributes();
检查子元素 (Examine sub-elements)
//returns a list of subelements of specified name
getElementsByTagName("subelementName");
//returns a list of all child nodes
getChildNodes();
Demo Example
这是我们需要解析的输入xml文件 -
<?xml version = "1.0"?>
<class>
<student rollno = "393">
<firstname>Dinkar</firstname>
<lastname>Kad</lastname>
<nickname>Dinkar</nickname>
<marks>85</marks>
</student>
<student rollno = "493">
<firstname>Vineet</firstname>
<lastname>Gupta</lastname>
<nickname>Vinni</nickname>
<marks>95</marks>
</student>
<student rollno = "593">
<firstname>Jasvir</firstname>
<lastname>Singh</lastname>
<nickname>Jazz</nickname>
<marks>90</marks>
</student>
</class>
例子 (Demo Example)
DomParserDemo.java
package cn.xnip.xml;
import java.io.File;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
public class DomParserDemo {
public static void main(String[] args){
try {
File inputFile = new File("input.txt");
DocumentBuilderFactory dbFactory
= DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
DocumentBuilder dBuilder = dbFactory.newDocumentBuilder();
Document doc = dBuilder.parse(inputFile);
doc.getDocumentElement().normalize();
System.out.println("Root element :"
+ doc.getDocumentElement().getNodeName());
NodeList nList = doc.getElementsByTagName("student");
System.out.println("----------------------------");
for (int temp = 0; temp < nList.getLength(); temp++) {
Node nNode = nList.item(temp);
System.out.println("\nCurrent Element :"
+ nNode.getNodeName());
if (nNode.getNodeType() == Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {
Element eElement = (Element) nNode;
System.out.println("Student roll no : "
+ eElement.getAttribute("rollno"));
System.out.println("First Name : "
+ eElement
.getElementsByTagName("firstname")
.item(0)
.getTextContent());
System.out.println("Last Name : "
+ eElement
.getElementsByTagName("lastname")
.item(0)
.getTextContent());
System.out.println("Nick Name : "
+ eElement
.getElementsByTagName("nickname")
.item(0)
.getTextContent());
System.out.println("Marks : "
+ eElement
.getElementsByTagName("marks")
.item(0)
.getTextContent());
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
上述程序将产生以下结果 -
Root element :class
----------------------------
Current Element :student
Student roll no : 393
First Name : Dinkar
Last Name : Kad
Nick Name : Dinkar
Marks : 85
Current Element :student
Student roll no : 493
First Name : Vineet
Last Name : Gupta
Nick Name : Vinni
Marks : 95
Current Element :student
Student roll no : 593
First Name : Jasvir
Last Name : Singh
Nick Name : Jazz
Marks : 90