mod_autoindex

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2023-12-01

说明	自动对目录中的内容生成列表，类似于"ls"或"dir"命令
状态	基本(B)
模块名	autoindex_module
源文件	mod_autoindex.c

概述

The index of a directory can come from one of two sources:

A file written by the user, typically called index"https://www.xnip.cn/doc/apache22/mod/mod_dir">DirectoryIndex directive sets the name of this file. This is controlled by mod_dir.
Otherwise, a listing generated by the server. The other directives control the format of this listing. The AddIcon, AddIconByEncoding和AddIconByType are used to set a list of icons to display for various file types; for each file listed, the first icon listed that matches the file is displayed. These are controlled by mod_autoindex.

The two functions are separated so that you can completely remove (or replace) automatic index generation should you want to.

Automatic index generation is enabled with using Options +Indexes. See the Options directive for more details.

If the FancyIndexing option is given with the IndexOptions directive, the column headers are links that control the order of the display. If you select a header link, the listing will be regenerated, sorted by the values in that column. Selecting the same header repeatedly toggles between ascending and descending order. These column header links are suppressed with IndexOptions directive's SuppressColumnSorting option.

Note that when the display is sorted by "Size", it's the actual size of the files that's used, not the displayed value - so a 1010-byte file will always be displayed before a 1011-byte file (if in ascending order) even though they both are shown as "1K".

Autoindex Request Query Arguments

Apache 2.0.23 reorganized the Query Arguments for Column Sorting, and introduced an entire group of new query options. To effectively eliminate all client control over the output, the IndexOptions IgnoreClient option was introduced.

The column sorting headers themselves are self-referencing hyperlinks that add the sort query options shown below. Any option below may be added to any request for the directory resource.

C=N sorts the directory by file name
C=M sorts the directory by last-modified date, then file name
C=S sorts the directory by size, then file name
C=D sorts the directory by description, then file name
O=A sorts the listing in Ascending Order
O=D sorts the listing in Descending Order
F=0 formats the listing as a simple list (not FancyIndexed)
F=1 formats the listing as a FancyIndexed list
F=2 formats the listing as an HTMLTable FancyIndexed list
V=0 disables version sorting
V=1 enables version sorting
P=pattern lists only files matching the given pattern

Note that the 'P'attern query argument is tested after the usual IndexIgnore directives are processed, and all file names are still subjected to the same criteria as any other autoindex listing. The Query Arguments parser in mod_autoindex will stop abruptly when an unrecognized option is encountered. The Query Arguments must be well formed, according to the table above.

The simple example below, which can be clipped and saved in a header"X" argument, for the submit button, is listed last to assure the arguments are all parsed before mod_autoindex encounters the X=Go input.

<form action="" method="get"> Show me a <select name="F"> <option value="0"> Plain list</option> <option value="1" selected="selected"> Fancy list</option> <option value="2"> Table list</option> </select> Sorted by <select name="C"> <option value="N" selected="selected"> Name</option> <option value="M"> Date Modified</option> <option value="S"> Size</option> <option value="D"> Description</option> </select> <select name="O"> <option value="A" selected="selected"> Ascending</option> <option value="D"> Descending</option> </select> <select name="V"> <option value="0" selected="selected"> in Normal order</option> <option value="1"> in Version order</option> </select> Matching <input type="text" name="P" value="*" /> <input type="submit" name="X" value="Go" /> </form>

AddAlt 指令

说明	Alternate text to display for a file, instead of an icon selected by filename
语法	`AddAlt string file [file] ...`
作用域	server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess
覆盖项	Indexes
状态	基本(B)
模块	mod_autoindex

AddAlt provides the alternate text to display for a file, instead of an icon, for FancyIndexing. File is a file extension, partial filename, wild-card expression or full filename for files to describe. If String contains any whitespace, you have to enclose it in quotes ("或'). This alternate text is displayed if the client is image-incapable, has image loading disabled, or fails to retrieve the icon.

例子

AddAlt "PDF file" *.pdf AddAlt Compressed *.gz *.zip *.Z

AddAltByEncoding 指令

说明	Alternate text to display for a file instead of an icon selected by MIME-encoding
语法	`AddAltByEncoding string MIME-encoding [MIME-encoding] ...`
作用域	server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess
覆盖项	Indexes
状态	基本(B)
模块	mod_autoindex

AddAltByEncoding provides the alternate text to display for a file, instead of an icon, for FancyIndexing. MIME-encoding is a valid content-encoding, such as x-compress. If String contains any whitespace, you have to enclose it in quotes ("或'). This alternate text is displayed if the client is image-incapable, has image loading disabled, or fails to retrieve the icon.

示例

AddAltByEncoding gzip x-gzip

AddAltByType 指令

说明	Alternate text to display for a file, instead of an icon selected by MIME content-type
语法	`AddAltByType string MIME-type [MIME-type] ...`
作用域	server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess
覆盖项	Indexes
状态	基本(B)
模块	mod_autoindex

AddAltByType sets the alternate text to display for a file, instead of an icon, for FancyIndexing. MIME-type is a valid content-type, such as text/html. If String contains any whitespace, you have to enclose it in quotes ("或'). This alternate text is displayed if the client is image-incapable, has image loading disabled, or fails to retrieve the icon.

示例

AddAltByType 'plain text' text/plain

AddDescription 指令

说明	Description to display for a file
语法	`AddDescription string file [file] ...`
作用域	server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess
覆盖项	Indexes
状态	基本(B)
模块	mod_autoindex

This sets the description to display for a file, for FancyIndexing. File is a file extension, partial filename, wild-card expression or full filename for files to describe. String is enclosed in double quotes (").

示例

AddDescription "The planet Mars" /web/pics/mars.gif

The typical, default description field is 23 bytes wide. 6 more bytes are added by the IndexOptions SuppressIcon option, 7 bytes are added by the IndexOptions SuppressSize option, and 19 bytes are added by the IndexOptions SuppressLastModified option. Therefore, the widest default the description column is ever assigned is 55 bytes.

See the DescriptionWidth IndexOptions keyword for details on overriding the size of this column, or allowing descriptions of unlimited length.

Caution

Descriptive text defined with AddDescription may contain HTML markup, such as tags and character entities. If the width of the description column should happen to truncate a tagged element (such as cutting off the end of a bolded phrase), the results may affect the rest of the directory listing.

AddIcon 指令

说明	Icon to display for a file selected by name
语法	`AddIcon icon name [name] ...`
作用域	server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess
覆盖项	Indexes
状态	基本(B)
模块	mod_autoindex

This sets the icon to display next to a file ending in name for FancyIndexing. Icon is either a (%-escaped) relative URL to the icon, or of the format (alttext, url) where alttext is the text tag given for an icon for non-graphical browsers.

Name is either ^^DIRECTORY^^ for directories, ^^BLANKICON^^ for blank lines (to format the list correctly), a file extension, a wildcard expression, a partial filename or a complete filename.

例子

AddIcon (IMG,/icons/image.xbm) .gif .jpg .xbm AddIcon /icons/dir.xbm ^^DIRECTORY^^ AddIcon /icons/backup.xbm *~

AddIconByType should be used in preference to AddIcon, when possible.

AddIconByEncoding 指令

说明	Icon to display next to files selected by MIME content-encoding
语法	`AddIconByEncoding icon MIME-encoding [MIME-encoding] ...`
作用域	server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess
覆盖项	Indexes
状态	基本(B)
模块	mod_autoindex

This sets the icon to display next to files with FancyIndexing. Icon is either a (%-escaped) relative URL to the icon, or of the format (alttext, url) where alttext is the text tag given for an icon for non-graphical browsers.

MIME-encoding is a wildcard expression matching required the content-encoding.

示例

AddIconByEncoding /icons/compress.xbm x-compress

AddIconByType 指令

说明	Icon to display next to files selected by MIME content-type
语法	`AddIconByType icon MIME-type [MIME-type] ...`
作用域	server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess
覆盖项	Indexes
状态	基本(B)
模块	mod_autoindex

This sets the icon to display next to files of type MIME-type for FancyIndexing. Icon is either a (%-escaped) relative URL to the icon, or of the format (alttext, url) where alttext is the text tag given for an icon for non-graphical browsers.

MIME-type is a wildcard expression matching required the mime types.

示例

AddIconByType (IMG,/icons/image.xbm) image/*

DefaultIcon 指令

说明	Icon to display for files when no specific icon is configured
语法	`DefaultIcon url-path`
作用域	server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess
覆盖项	Indexes
状态	基本(B)
模块	mod_autoindex

DefaultIcon directive sets the icon to display for files when no specific icon is known, for FancyIndexing. Url-path is a (%-escaped) relative URL to the icon.

示例

DefaultIcon /icon/unknown.xbm

HeaderName 指令

说明	Name of the file that will be inserted at the top of the index listing
语法	`HeaderName filename`
作用域	server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess
覆盖项	Indexes
状态	基本(B)
模块	mod_autoindex

HeaderName directive sets the name of the file that will be inserted at the top of the index listing. Filename is the name of the file to include.

示例

HeaderName HEADER"https://www.xnip.cn/doc/apache22/mod/core">DocumentRoot.

示例

HeaderName /include/HEADER"https://www.xnip.cn/doc/apache22/content-negotiation">Content negotiation will be performed if Options MultiViews is in effect. If filename resolves to a static text/html document (not a CGI script) and either one of the options Includes或IncludesNOEXEC is enabled, the file will be processed for server-side includes (see the mod_include documentation).


    
 If the file specified by HeaderName contains
    the beginnings of an HTML document (<html>, <head>, etc.)
    then you will probably want to set IndexOptions
    +SuppressHTMLPreamble, so that these tags are not
    repeated.
IndexIgnore 指令

说明 Adds to the list of files to hide when listing 
a directory
语法 IndexIgnore file [file] ...
作用域 server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess
覆盖项 Indexes
状态 基本(B)
模块 mod_autoindex

 IndexIgnore directive adds to the
    list of files to hide when listing a directory. File is a
    shell-style wildcard expression or full
    filename. Multiple IndexIgnore directives add
    to the list, rather than the replacing the list of ignored
    files. By default, the list contains . (the current
    directory).
 
      IndexIgnore README .htaccess *.bak *~
    
IndexOptions 指令

说明 Various configuration settings for directory 
indexing
语法 IndexOptions  [+|-]option [[+|-]option] ...
作用域 server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess
覆盖项 Indexes
状态 基本(B)
模块 mod_autoindex

 IndexOptions directive specifies the
    behavior of the directory indexing. Option can be one
    of
    
      DescriptionWidth=[n | *] (Apache 2.0.23 and
      later)
      The DescriptionWidth keyword allows you to
      specify the width of the description column in
      characters.
      -DescriptionWidth (or unset) allows
      mod_autoindex to calculate the best width.
      DescriptionWidth=n fixes the column width to
      n bytes wide.
      DescriptionWidth=* grows the column to the
      width necessary to accommodate the longest description
      string.
      See the section on AddDescription for dangers
      inherent in truncating descriptions.
      FancyIndexing
      This turns on fancy indexing of directories.
      FoldersFirst (Apache
      2.0.23 and later)
      If this option is enabled, subdirectory listings will
      always appear first, followed by normal files in the
      directory. The listing is basically broken into two
      components, the files and the subdirectories, and each is
      sorted separately and then displayed subdirectories-first.
      For instance, if the sort order is descending by name, and
      FoldersFirst is enabled, subdirectory
      Zed will be listed before subdirectory
      Beta, which will be listed before normal files
      Gamma和Alpha. This option
      only has an effect if FancyIndexing is also enabled.
      HTMLTable (Experimental,
      Apache 2.0.23 and later)
      This experimental option with FancyIndexing constructs a
      simple table for the fancy directory listing. Note this will
      confuse older browsers. It is particularly necessary if file
      names or description text will alternate between
      left-to-right and right-to-left reading order, as can happen
      on WinNT or other utf-8 enabled platforms.
      IconsAreLinks
      This makes the icons part of the anchor for the filename, for
      fancy indexing.
      IconHeight[=pixels]
      Presence of this option, when used with IconWidth, will cause
      the server to include height和width
      attributes in the img tag for the file icon. This allows
      browser to precalculate the page layout without having to wait until
      all the images have been loaded. If no value is given for the option,
      it defaults to the standard height of the icons supplied with the Apache
      software.
      IconWidth[=pixels]
      Presence of this option, when used with IconHeight,
      will cause the server to include height和width attributes in the img tag for
      the file icon. This allows browser to precalculate the page
      layout without having to wait until all the images have been
      loaded. If no value is given for the option, it defaults to
      the standard width of the icons supplied with the Apache
      software.
      IgnoreCase
      If this option is enabled, names are sorted in a case-insensitive 
      manner.  For instance, if the sort order is ascending by name, and 
      IgnoreCase is enabled, file Zeta  will be listed after file alfa 
      (Note: file GAMMA will always be listed before file gamma). 
      IgnoreClient
      This option causes mod_autoindex to ignore all
      query variables from the client, including sort order (implies
      SuppressColumnSorting.)
      NameWidth=[n
               | *]
      The NameWidth keyword allows you to specify the width
      of the filename column in bytes.
      -NameWidth (or unset) allows mod_autoindex to calculate the best width.
      NameWidth=n fixes the column width to
      n bytes wide.
      NameWidth=* grows the column to the necessary
      width.
      ScanHTMLTitles
      This enables the extraction of the title from HTML documents
      for fancy indexing. If the file does not have a description
      given by AddDescription
      then httpd will read the document for the value of the
      title element. This is CPU and disk intensive.
      ShowForbidden
      If specified, Apache will show files normally hidden because
      the subrequest returned HTTP_UNAUTHORIZED or HTTP_FORBIDDEN
      SuppressColumnSorting
      If specified, Apache will not make the column headings in a
      FancyIndexed directory listing into links for sorting. The
      default behavior is for them to be links; selecting the
      column heading will sort the directory listing by the values
      in that column. Prior to Apache 2.0.23, this also
      disabled parsing the Query Arguments for the sort
      string. That behavior is now controlled by IndexOptions
      IgnoreClient in Apache 2.0.23.
      SuppressDescription
      This will suppress the file description in fancy indexing
      listings. By default, no file descriptions are defined, and
      so the use of this option will regain 23 characters of screen
      space to use for something else. See AddDescription for information about setting the file
      description. See also the DescriptionWidth
      index option to limit the size of the description column.
      SuppressHTMLPreamble
      If the directory actually contains a file specified by the
      HeaderName
      directive, the module usually includes the contents of the file
      after a standard HTML preamble (<html>, <head>, et cetera). The
      SuppressHTMLPreamble option disables this behaviour,
      causing the module to start the display with the header file
      contents. The header file must contain appropriate HTML instructions
      in this case. If there is no header file, the preamble is generated
      as usual.
      SuppressIcon (Apache
      2.0.23 and later)
      This will suppress the icon in fancy indexing listings.
      Combining both SuppressIcon和SuppressRules yields proper HTML 3.2 output, which
      by the final specification prohibits img和hr elements from the pre block (used to
      format FancyIndexed listings.)
      SuppressLastModified
      This will suppress the display of the last modification date,
      in fancy indexing listings.
      SuppressRules
      (Apache 2.0.23 and later)
      This will suppress the horizontal rule lines (hr
      elements) in directory listings. Combining both SuppressIcon和SuppressRules yields proper HTML 3.2 output, which
      by the final specification prohibits img和hr elements from the pre block (used to
      format FancyIndexed listings.)
      SuppressSize
      This will suppress the file size in fancy indexing listings.
      TrackModified (Apache
      2.0.23 and later)
      This returns the Last-Modified and ETag values for the listed
      directory in the HTTP header. It is only valid if the
      operating system and file system return appropriate stat()
      results. Some Unix systems do so, as do OS2's JFS and Win32's
      NTFS volumes. OS2 and Win32 FAT volumes, for example, do not.
      Once this feature is enabled, the client or proxy can track
      changes to the list of files when they perform a HEAD
      request. Note some operating systems correctly track new and
      removed files, but do not track changes for sizes or dates of
      the files within the directory. Changes to the size
      or date stamp of an existing file will not update the
      Last-Modified header on all Unix platforms. If this
      is a concern, leave this option disabled.
      VersionSort
      (Apache 2.0a3 and later)
      The VersionSort keyword causes files containing
      version numbers to sort in a natural way. Strings are sorted as
      usual, except that substrings of digits in the name and
      description are compared according to their numeric value.
      示例：

        foo-1.7

        foo-1.7.2

        foo-1.7.12

        foo-1.8.2

        foo-1.8.2a

        foo-1.12
      
   If the number starts with a zero, then it is considered to
      be a fraction:
   
        foo-1.001

        foo-1.002

        foo-1.030

        foo-1.04
      
      
      XHTML
      (Apache 2.0.49 and later)
      The XHTML keyword forces mod_autoindex
      to emit XHTML 1.0 code instead of HTML 3.2.
    
   
   Incremental IndexOptions
   
  Apache 1.3.3 introduced some significant changes in the
     handling of IndexOptions directives. In
     particular:
     
     Multiple IndexOptions directives for a
     single directory are now merged together. The result of:
  
       <Directory /foo>
       
         IndexOptions HTMLTable

         IndexOptions SuppressColumnsorting
       
       </Directory>
     
  will be the equivalent of
  
       IndexOptions HTMLTable SuppressColumnsorting
     
     
     The addition of the incremental syntax (i.e., prefixing
     keywords with +或-).
     
  Whenever a '+' or '-' prefixed keyword is encountered, it
     is applied to the current IndexOptions
     settings (which may have been inherited from an upper-level
     directory). However, whenever an unprefixed keyword is processed, it
     clears all inherited options and any incremental settings encountered
     so far. Consider the following example:
  
       IndexOptions +ScanHTMLTitles -IconsAreLinks FancyIndexing

       IndexOptions +SuppressSize
     
  The net effect is equivalent to IndexOptions FancyIndexing
     +SuppressSize, because the unprefixed FancyIndexing
     discarded the incremental keywords before it, but allowed them to
     start accumulating again afterward.
  To unconditionally set the IndexOptions for
     a particular directory, clearing the inherited settings, specify
     keywords without any +或- prefixes.
   
   
IndexOrderDefault 指令

说明 Sets the default ordering of the directory index
语法 IndexOrderDefault Ascending|Descending
Name|Date|Size|Description
默认值 IndexOrderDefault Ascending Name
作用域 server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess
覆盖项 Indexes
状态 基本(B)
模块 mod_autoindex

 IndexOrderDefault directive is used
    in combination with the FancyIndexing index option. By default, fancyindexed
    directory listings are displayed in ascending order by filename; the
    IndexOrderDefault allows you to change this
    initial display order.
 IndexOrderDefault takes two
    arguments. The first must be either Ascending或Descending, indicating the direction of the sort.
    The second argument must be one of the keywords Name, Date, Size, or Description,
    and identifies the primary key. The secondary key is
    always the ascending filename.
 You can force a directory listing to only be displayed in a
    particular order by combining this directive with the SuppressColumnSorting index option; this will prevent
    the client from requesting the directory listing in a different
    order.
IndexStyleSheet 指令

说明 Adds a CSS stylesheet to the directory index
语法 IndexStyleSheet url-path
作用域 server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess
覆盖项 Indexes
状态 基本(B)
模块 mod_autoindex

 IndexStyleSheet directive sets the name of
    the file that will be used as the CSS for the index listing.
    
    示例

      
      IndexStyleSheet "/css/style.css"
    
ReadmeName 指令

说明 Name of the file that will be inserted at the end
of the index listing
语法 ReadmeName filename
作用域 server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess
覆盖项 Indexes
状态 基本(B)
模块 mod_autoindex

 ReadmeName directive sets the name
    of the file that will be appended to the end of the index
    listing. Filename is the name of the file to include, and
    is taken to be relative to the location being indexed. If
    Filename begins with a slash, it will be taken to be
    relative to the DocumentRoot.
    
    示例

      ReadmeName FOOTER.html
    
    Example 2

      ReadmeName /include/FOOTER.html
    
 See also HeaderName, where this behavior is described in greater
    detail.