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2023-12-01

从这里获得 Beautiful Soup。变更日志描述了3.0 版本与之前版本的不同。

在程序中中导入 Beautiful Soup库:

from BeautifulSoup import BeautifulSoup          # For processing HTML
from BeautifulSoup import BeautifulStoneSoup     # For processing XML
import BeautifulSoup                             # To get everything

下面的代码是Beautiful Soup基本功能的示范。你可以复制粘贴到你的python文件中，自己运行看看。

from BeautifulSoup import BeautifulSoup
import re

doc = ['<html><head><title>Page title</title></head>',
       '<body><p id="firstpara" align="center">This is paragraph <b>one</b>.',
       '<p id="secondpara" align="blah">This is paragraph <b>two</b>.',
       '</html>']
soup = BeautifulSoup(''.join(doc))

print soup.prettify()
# <html>
#  <head>
#   <title>
#    Page title
#   </title>
#  </head>
#  <body>
#   <p id="firstpara" align="center">
#    This is paragraph
#    <b>
#     one
#    </b>
#    .
#   </p>
#   <p id="secondpara" align="blah">
#    This is paragraph
#    <b>
#     two
#    </b>
#    .
#   </p>
#  </body>
# </html>

navigate soup的一些方法:

soup.contents[0].name
# u'html'

soup.contents[0].contents[0].name
# u'head'

head = soup.contents[0].contents[0]
head.parent.name
# u'html'

head.next
# <title>Page title</title>

head.nextSibling.name
# u'body'

head.nextSibling.contents[0]
# <p id="firstpara" align="center">This is paragraph <b>one</b>.</p>

head.nextSibling.contents[0].nextSibling
# <p id="secondpara" align="blah">This is paragraph <b>two</b>.</p>

下面是一些方法搜索soup，获得特定标签或有着特定属性的标签：

titleTag = soup.html.head.title
titleTag
# <title>Page title</title>

titleTag.string
# u'Page title'

len(soup('p'))
# 2

soup.findAll('p', align="center")
# [<p id="firstpara" align="center">This is paragraph <b>one</b>. </p>]

soup.find('p', align="center")
# <p id="firstpara" align="center">This is paragraph <b>one</b>. </p>

soup('p', align="center")[0]['id']
# u'firstpara'

soup.find('p', align=re.compile('^b.*'))['id']
# u'secondpara'

soup.find('p').b.string
# u'one'

soup('p')[1].b.string
# u'two'

修改soup也很简单：

titleTag['id'] = 'theTitle'
titleTag.contents[0].replaceWith("New title")
soup.html.head
# <head><title id="theTitle">New title</title></head>

soup.p.extract()
soup.prettify()
# <html>
#  <head>
#   <title id="theTitle">
#    New title
#   </title>
#  </head>
#  <body>
#   <p id="secondpara" align="blah">
#    This is paragraph
#    <b>
#     two
#    </b>
#    .
#   </p>
#  </body>
# </html>

soup.p.replaceWith(soup.b)
# <html>
#  <head>
#   <title id="theTitle">
#    New title
#   </title>
#  </head>
#  <body>
#   <b>
#    two
#   </b>
#  </body>
# </html>

soup.body.insert(0, "This page used to have ")
soup.body.insert(2, " &lt;p&gt; tags!")
soup.body
# <body>This page used to have <b>two</b> &lt;p&gt; tags!</body>

一个实际例子，用于抓取 ICC Commercial Crime Services weekly piracy report页面, 使用Beautiful Soup剖析并获得发生的盗版事件:

import urllib2
from BeautifulSoup import BeautifulSoup

page = urllib2.urlopen("http://www.icc-ccs.org/prc/piracyreport.php")
soup = BeautifulSoup(page)
for incident in soup('td', width="90%"):
    where, linebreak, what = incident.contents[:3]
    print where.strip()
    print what.strip()
    print