【IoT】Arduino 实现 ESP32 BLE 与 Android 手机的数据交互

1、效果描述：

通过简单的 Android APP 实现与 ESP32 的双向蓝牙通信。

2、实现步骤

Step 1：ESP32 硬件支持

1、支持蓝牙 4.0 以上协议的安卓手机；

2、支持 Micro USB 的 ESP32 dev board;

Step 2：配置 Arduino IDE 环境

1、下载 Arduino IDE：https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software；

2、安装 ESP32 支持包：https://github.com/espressif/arduino-esp32/blob/master/docs/arduino-ide/windows.md

根据网站步骤安装 GIT 工具，并根据提示下载 BLE 支持开发包

在 Arduino 编写实例：

/*
    Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oCMOYS71NIU
    Based on Neil Kolban example for IDF: https://github.com/nkolban/esp32-snippets/blob/master/cpp_utils/tests/BLE%20Tests/SampleNotify.cpp
    Ported to Arduino ESP32 by Evandro Copercini

   Create a BLE server that, once we receive a connection, will send periodic notifications.
   The service advertises itself as: 6E400001-B5A3-F393-E0A9-E50E24DCCA9E
   Has a characteristic of: 6E400002-B5A3-F393-E0A9-E50E24DCCA9E - used for receiving data with "WRITE" 
   Has a characteristic of: 6E400003-B5A3-F393-E0A9-E50E24DCCA9E - used to send data with  "NOTIFY"

   The design of creating the BLE server is:
   1. Create a BLE Server
   2. Create a BLE Service
   3. Create a BLE Characteristic on the Service
   4. Create a BLE Descriptor on the characteristic
   5. Start the service.
   6. Start advertising.

   In this example rxValue is the data received (only accessible inside that function).
   And txValue is the data to be sent, in this example just a byte incremented every second. 
*/
#include <BLEDevice.h>
#include <BLEServer.h>
#include <BLEUtils.h>
#include <BLE2902.h>

BLECharacteristic *pCharacteristic;
bool deviceConnected = false;
float txValue = 0;
const int readPin = 32; // Use GPIO number. See ESP32 board pinouts
const int LED = 2; // Could be different depending on the dev board. I used the DOIT ESP32 dev board.

//std::string rxValue; // Could also make this a global var to access it in loop()

// See the following for generating UUIDs:
// https://www.uuidgenerator.net/

#define SERVICE_UUID           "6E400001-B5A3-F393-E0A9-E50E24DCCA9E" // UART service UUID
#define CHARACTERISTIC_UUID_RX "6E400002-B5A3-F393-E0A9-E50E24DCCA9E"
#define CHARACTERISTIC_UUID_TX "6E400003-B5A3-F393-E0A9-E50E24DCCA9E"

class MyServerCallbacks: public BLEServerCallbacks {
    void onConnect(BLEServer* pServer) {
      deviceConnected = true;
    };

    void onDisconnect(BLEServer* pServer) {
      deviceConnected = false;
    }
};

class MyCallbacks: public BLECharacteristicCallbacks {
    void onWrite(BLECharacteristic *pCharacteristic) {
      std::string rxValue = pCharacteristic->getValue();

      if (rxValue.length() > 0) {
        Serial.println("*********");
        Serial.print("Received Value: ");

        for (int i = 0; i < rxValue.length(); i++) {
          Serial.print(rxValue[i]);
        }

        Serial.println();

        // Do stuff based on the command received from the app
        if (rxValue.find("A") != -1) { 
          Serial.print("Turning ON!");
          digitalWrite(LED, HIGH);
        }
        else if (rxValue.find("B") != -1) {
          Serial.print("Turning OFF!");
          digitalWrite(LED, LOW);
        }

        Serial.println();
        Serial.println("*********");
      }
    }
};

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);

  pinMode(LED, OUTPUT);

  // Create the BLE Device
  BLEDevice::init("ESP32 UART Test"); // Give it a name

  // Create the BLE Server
  BLEServer *pServer = BLEDevice::createServer();
  pServer->setCallbacks(new MyServerCallbacks());

  // Create the BLE Service
  BLEService *pService = pServer->createService(SERVICE_UUID);

  // Create a BLE Characteristic
  pCharacteristic = pService->createCharacteristic(
                      CHARACTERISTIC_UUID_TX,
                      BLECharacteristic::PROPERTY_NOTIFY
                    );
                      
  pCharacteristic->addDescriptor(new BLE2902());

  BLECharacteristic *pCharacteristic = pService->createCharacteristic(
                                         CHARACTERISTIC_UUID_RX,
                                         BLECharacteristic::PROPERTY_WRITE
                                       );

  pCharacteristic->setCallbacks(new MyCallbacks());

  // Start the service
  pService->start();

  // Start advertising
  pServer->getAdvertising()->start();
  Serial.println("Waiting a client connection to notify...");
}

void loop() {
  if (deviceConnected) {
    // Fabricate some arbitrary junk for now...
    txValue = analogRead(readPin) / 3.456; // This could be an actual sensor reading!

    // Let's convert the value to a char array:
    char txString[8]; // make sure this is big enuffz
    dtostrf(txValue, 1, 2, txString); // float_val, min_width, digits_after_decimal, char_buffer
    
//    pCharacteristic->setValue(&txValue, 1); // To send the integer value
//    pCharacteristic->setValue("Hello!"); // Sending a test message
    pCharacteristic->setValue(txString);
    
    pCharacteristic->notify(); // Send the value to the app!
    Serial.print("*** Sent Value: ");
    Serial.print(txString);
    Serial.println(" ***");

    // You can add the rxValue checks down here instead
    // if you set "rxValue" as a global var at the top!
    // Note you will have to delete "std::string" declaration
    // of "rxValue" in the callback function.
//    if (rxValue.find("A") != -1) { 
//      Serial.println("Turning ON!");
//      digitalWrite(LED, HIGH);
//    }
//    else if (rxValue.find("B") != -1) {
//      Serial.println("Turning OFF!");
//      digitalWrite(LED, LOW);
//    }
  }
  delay(1000);
}

Step 3：下载安装 APP 测试工具

可以在资源栏下载：https://download.csdn.net/download/liwei16611/10526621

3、代码解释

3.1、库文件：

#include <BLEDevice.h>
#include <BLEServer.h>
#include <BLEUtils.h>
#include <BLE2902.h>

创建 BLE 设备：

BLEDevice::init("ESP32 UART Test"); // Give it a name

创建 BLE server：

BLEServer *pServer = BLEDevice::createServer();
pServer->setCallbacks(new MyServerCallbacks());

创建 BLE service：

BLEService *pService = pServer->createService(SERVICE_UUID);

添加 characteristics：

pCharacteristic = pService->createCharacteristic(
                    CHARACTERISTIC_UUID_TX,
                    BLECharacteristic::PROPERTY_NOTIFY
                  );
pCharacteristic->addDescriptor(new BLE2902());
BLECharacteristic *pCharacteristic = pService->createCharacteristic(
                                       CHARACTERISTIC_UUID_RX,
                                       BLECharacteristic::PROPERTY_WRITE
                                     );
pCharacteristic->setCallbacks(new MyCallbacks());

启动广播：

pServer->getAdvertising()->start();
Serial.println("Waiting a client connection to notify...");

3.2、定义 service 和 characteristic UUID：TX | RX

#define SERVICE_UUID           "6E400001-B5A3-F393-E0A9-E50E24DCCA9E" // UART service UUID

#define CHARACTERISTIC_UUID_RX "6E400002-B5A3-F393-E0A9-E50E24DCCA9E"
#define CHARACTERISTIC_UUID_TX "6E400003-B5A3-F393-E0A9-E50E24DCCA9E"

3.3、蓝牙连接回调函数

class MyServerCallbacks: public BLEServerCallbacks {<br>    void onConnect(BLEServer* pServer) {
      deviceConnected = true;
    };
    void onDisconnect(BLEServer* pServer) {
      deviceConnected = false;
    }
};

3.4、数据接收回调函数

class MyCallbacks: public BLECharacteristicCallbacks {<br>    void onWrite(BLECharacteristic *pCharacteristic) {
      std::string rxValue = pCharacteristic->getValue();</p><p>      if (rxValue.length() > 0) {
        Serial.println("*********");
        Serial.print("Received Value: ");</p><p>        for (int i = 0; i < rxValue.length(); i++) {
          Serial.print(rxValue[i]);
        }</p><p>        Serial.println();</p><p>        // Do stuff based on the command received from the app
        if (rxValue.find("A") != -1) { 
          Serial.print("Turning ON!");
          digitalWrite(LED, HIGH);
        }
        else if (rxValue.find("B") != -1) {
          Serial.print("Turning OFF!");
          digitalWrite(LED, LOW);
        }</p><p>        Serial.println();
        Serial.println("*********");
      }
    }
};

refer：

http://www.instructables.com/id/ESP32-BLE-Android-App-Arduino-IDE-AWESOME/