wget http://repo.varnish-cache.org/redhat/varnish-3.0/el6/x86_64/varnish/varnish-libs-3.0.4-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
wget http://repo.varnish-cache.org/redhat/varnish-3.0/el6/x86_64/varnish/varnish-3.0.4-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
wget http://repo.varnish-cache.org/redhat/varnish-3.0/el6/x86_64/varnish/varnish-docs-3.0.4-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
yum localinstall *.rpm
varnish的安装和配置路径
/etc/varnish/default.vcl #默认配置文件存文件
/etc/sysconfig/varnish #服务启动参数脚本
/etc/init.d/varnish #服务控制脚本
可以通过调整 /etc/sysconfig/varnish 配置文件中的参数来调整启动参数,设置线程池、缓存到内存还是文件等。当然如果你乐意也可以在varnishd后面带上启动参数手工启动服务和管理。
现在能通过服务的方式启动 varnish了:service varnish start (stop/restart)
将varnish设为开机自启动:
chkconfig varnish on
yum install ncurses-devel.x86_64
此步可选。
如果你在编译varnish 后bin目录中没有发现 varnishstat、varnishtop、varnishhist这三个程序的话,就是因为编译前没有安装与操作系统位数对应的 ncurses-devel。这些工具非常好用,因此建议先安装这个依赖包。cd pcre-8.12
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/
make&&make install
wget http://repo.varnish-cache.org/source/varnish-3.0.4.tar.gz
cd /root
tar -zxvf varnish-3.0.4.tar.gz
cd varnish-3.0.4
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install
import std;
在需要输出日志的地方,使用 std.log 即可:
std.log("LOG_DEBUG: URL=" + req.url);
这样的话,就可以通过日志了解varnish的工作流程,很方便的优化啦,效率何止提高十倍!
sub vcl_miss {
td.log("url miss!!! url=" + req.url);
return (fetch);
}
启动varnish 后,通过 varnishlog工具跟踪打印出的日志
varnishlog -I LOG
backend web1 {
.host = "172.16.2.31";
.port = "80";
.probe = {
.url = "/";
.interval = 10s;
.timeout = 2s;
.window = 3;
.threshold = 3;
}
}
backend web2 {
.host = "172.16.2.32";
.port = "80";
.probe = {
.url = "/";
.interval = 10s;
.timeout = 2s;
.window = 3;
.threshold = 3;
}
}
# 定义负载均衡组
director webgroup random {
{
.backend = web1;
.weight = 1;
}
{
.backend = web2;
.weight = 1;
}
}
其中,在backend 中添加 probe 选项,将可以对后端节点进行健康检查。如果后端节点无法访问,将会自动摘除掉该节点,直到这个节点恢复。
需要注意window 和threshold 两个参数。当有后端服务器不可达时,varnish会时不时的报503错误。网上查出的资料都是改线程组什么的,经测试完全无效。后来发现,只要将 window 和threshold 两个参数的值设成一样的,503现象就再没有发生了。sub vcl_fetch {
if (beresp.status == 500) {
set beresp.saintmode = 10s;
return (restart);
}
set beresp.grace = 5m;
}
import std;
backend web1 {
.host = "172.16.2.31";
.port = "80";
.probe = {
.url = "/";
.interval = 10s;
.timeout = 2s;
.window = 3;
.threshold = 3;
}
}
backend web2 {
.host = "172.16.2.32";
.port = "80";
.probe = {
.url = "/";
.interval = 10s;
.timeout = 2s;
.window = 3;
.threshold = 3;
}
}
# 定义负载均衡组
director webgroup random {
{
.backend = web1;
.weight = 1;
}
{
.backend = web2;
.weight = 1;
}
}
# 允许刷新缓存的ip
acl purgeAllow {
"localhost";
"172.16.2.5";
}
sub vcl_recv {
# 刷新缓存设置
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
#判断是否允许ip
if (!client.ip ~ purgeAllow) {
error 405 "Not allowed.";
}
#去缓存中查找
return (lookup);
}
std.log("LOG_DEBUG: URL=" + req.url);
set req.backend = webgroup;
if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD" && req.request != "PUT" && req.request != "POST" && req.request != "TRACE" && req.request != "OPTIONS" && req.request != "DELETE") {
/* Non-RFC2616 or CONNECT which is weird. */
return (pipe);
}
# 只缓存 GET 和 HEAD 请求
if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
std.log("LOG_DEBUG: req.request not get! " + req.request );
return(pass);
}
# http 认证的页面也 pass
if (req.http.Authorization) {
std.log("LOG_DEBUG: req is authorization !");
return (pass);
}
if (req.http.Cache-Control ~ "no-cache") {
std.log("LOG_DEBUG: req is no-cache");
return (pass);
}
# 忽略admin、verify、servlet目录,以.jsp和.do结尾以及带有?的URL,直接从后端服务器读取内容
if (req.url ~ "^/admin" || req.url ~ "^/verify/" || req.url ~ "^/servlet/" || req.url ~ "\.(jsp|php|do)($|\?)") {
std.log("url is admin or servlet or jsp|php|do, pass.");
return (pass);
}
# 只缓存指定扩展名的请求, 并去除 cookie
if (req.url ~ "^/[^?]+\.(jpeg|jpg|png|gif|bmp|tif|tiff|ico|wmf|js|css|ejs|swf|txt|zip|exe|html|htm)(\?.*|)$") {
std.log("*** url is jpeg|jpg|png|gif|ico|js|css|txt|zip|exe|html|htm set cached! ***");
unset req.http.cookie;
# 规范请求头,Accept-Encoding 只保留必要的内容
if (req.http.Accept-Encoding) {
if (req.url ~ "\.(jpg|png|gif|jpeg)(\?.*|)$") {
remove req.http.Accept-Encoding;
} elsif (req.http.Accept-Encoding ~ "gzip") {
set req.http.Accept-Encoding = "gzip";
} elsif (req.http.Accept-Encoding ~ "deflate") {
set req.http.Accept-Encoding = "deflate";
} else {
remove req.http.Accept-Encoding;
}
}
return(lookup);
} else {
std.log("url is not cached!");
return (pass);
}
}
sub vcl_hit {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
set obj.ttl = 0s;
error 200 "Purged.";
}
return (deliver);
}
sub vcl_miss {
std.log("################# cache miss ################### url=" + req.url);
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
purge;
error 200 "Purged.";
}
}
sub vcl_fetch {
# 如果后端服务器返回错误,则进入 saintmode
if (beresp.status == 500 || beresp.status == 501 || beresp.status == 502 || beresp.status == 503 || beresp.status == 504) {
std.log("beresp.status error!!! beresp.status=" + beresp.status);
set req.http.host = "status";
set beresp.saintmode = 20s;
return (restart);
}
# 如果后端静止缓存, 则跳过
if (beresp.http.Pragma ~ "no-cache" || beresp.http.Cache-Control ~ "no-cache" || beresp.http.Cache-Control ~ "private") {
std.log("not allow cached! beresp.http.Cache-Control=" + beresp.http.Cache-Control);
return (hit_for_pass);
}
if (beresp.ttl <= 0s || beresp.http.Set-Cookie || beresp.http.Vary == "*") {
/* Mark as "Hit-For-Pass" for the next 2 minutes */
set beresp.ttl = 120 s;
return (hit_for_pass);
}
if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(css|js|ejs|html|htm)$") {
std.log("gzip is enable.");
set beresp.do_gzip = true;
set beresp.ttl = 20s;
}
if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "^/[^?]+\.(jpeg|jpg|png|gif|bmp|tif|tiff|ico|wmf|js|css|ejs|swf|txt|zip|exe)(\?.*|)$") {
std.log("url css|js|gif|jpg|jpeg|bmp|png|tiff|tif|ico|swf|exe|zip|bmp|wmf is cache 5m!");
set beresp.ttl = 5m;
} elseif (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(html|htm)$") {
set beresp.ttl = 30s;
} else {
return (hit_for_pass);
}
# 如果后端不健康,则先返回缓存数据1分钟
if (!req.backend.healthy) {
std.log("eq.backend not healthy! req.grace = 1m");
set req.grace = 1m;
} else {
set req.grace = 30s;
}
return (deliver);
}
# 发送给客户端
sub vcl_deliver {
if ( obj.hits > 0 ) {
set resp.http.X-Cache = "has cache";
} else {
#set resp.http.X-Cache = "no cache";
}
return (deliver);
}