搭建独立图像处理服务（Thumbor）

Thumbor是基于Python的开源的On-Demand图片处理服务，可以实现图片裁剪crop、缩放resize、翻转flip、滤镜filter，甚至是人脸识别。

官网：[url=https://github.com/thumbor/thumbor]https://github.com/thumbor/thumbor[/url]

目前版本： 6.3.2

图像处理是系统开发中的必备组件，各种开发语言都内置图像处理API，也有大量的开源图像处理库做补充。

[1] 图像变换引擎（[url=https://www.imagemagick.org/]ImageMagick[/url]、[url=http://www.graphicsmagick.org/]Graphicsmagick[/url]、[url=http://opencv.org/]OpenCV[/url]）
[2] 图像优化工具（[url=http://www.jpegmini.com/]JPEGMini[/url]、[url=https://tinypng.com/]TinyPNG[/url]、[url=https://imageoptim.com/]ImageOptim[/url]、[url=https://pngmini.com/]ImageAlpha[/url]、[url=https://pngquant.org/]pngquant[/url]、[url=https://github.com/mozilla/mozjpeg]MozJPEG[/url]）
[3] 图像处理系统（[url=https://github.com/agschwender/pilbox]Pilbox[/url]、[url=https://github.com/thumbor/thumbor]Thumbor[/url]）

Thumbor通过特殊构成的URL来创建缩略图，比如：
[quote]http://thumbor.example.com/320x240/http://images.example.com/llamas.jpg[/quote]
含义是：Thumbor服务器thumbor.example.com通过HTTP从images.example.com获取图像llamas.jpg，将其缩放到320x240之后返回图像数据。

Thumbor内部支持以下三种图像变换引擎：
PIL (Python Image Library)、GraphicsMagick (pgmagick)、OpenCV

Thumbor存储图片支持的方式有File、Memcached、MongoDB、Redis。根据实际的使用情况选择存储方式。默认选用文件系统的存储方式。

具体详细的使用方法可以参考官方文档： [url=http://thumbor.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html]http://thumbor.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html[/url]

需要注意的是：Thumbor目前还不支持Python3！
[quote] File "/usr/local/tensorflow/lib/python3.5/site-packages/thumbor/context.py", line 293
print "Joining threads...."
SyntaxError: Missing parentheses in call to 'print'[/quote]

print "Hello world"    # python 2.x
print("Hello world")   # python 3.x

[b]（1）安装[/b]

# python -V
Python 2.7.5

# pip search thumbor
thumbor (6.3.2)                   - thumbor is an open-source photo thumbnail service by globo.com

# pip install thumbor
# pip install -i http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple --trusted-host mirrors.aliyun.com thumbor

[b]（2）启动[/b]

# mkdir /usr/local/thumbor
# thumbor-config > /usr/local/thumbor/thumbor.conf
# cp /usr/local/thumbor/thumbor.conf /usr/local/thumbor/thumbor.conf.default
# thumbor --port=8888 --conf=/usr/local/thumbor/thumbor.conf 

以下警告提示是没有安装opencv。
[quote]2017-08-15 15:34:02 thumbor:WARNING Module thumbor.filters.distributed_collage could not be imported: No module named cv2[/quote]

[b]（3）测试[/b]

- 原图
[color=blue]http://desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn/t_s1920x1200c5/g5/M00/01/0E/ChMkJlbKwbyIFnBKAAhTmqigyPUAALGdAHEN-kACFOy827.jpg[/color]
[img]http://dl2.iteye.com/upload/attachment/0126/5503/ff4063e6-9541-3d93-9066-448e92e0d932.jpg[/img]

[color=blue]http://thumbor-server:8888/unsafe/http://desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn/t_s1920x1200c5/g5/M00/01/0E/ChMkJlbKwbyIFnBKAAhTmqigyPUAALGdAHEN-kACFOy827.jpg[/color]
[img]http://dl2.iteye.com/upload/attachment/0126/5505/893bae3e-3a18-3481-921f-1401d8c74c7f.jpg[/img]

- 保持横纵比，宽度固定300px
[color=blue]http://thumbor-server:8888/unsafe/300x0/http://desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn/t_s1920x1200c5/g5/M00/01/0E/ChMkJlbKwbyIFnBKAAhTmqigyPUAALGdAHEN-kACFOy827.jpg[/color]
[img]http://dl2.iteye.com/upload/attachment/0126/5507/19458cb3-c98e-3218-83cd-93bb97d92256.jpg[/img]

- 保持横纵比，高度固定300px
[color=blue]http://thumbor-server:8888/unsafe/0x300/http://desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn/t_s1920x1200c5/g5/M00/01/0E/ChMkJlbKwbyIFnBKAAhTmqigyPUAALGdAHEN-kACFOy827.jpg[/color]
[img]http://dl2.iteye.com/upload/attachment/0126/5509/02830e85-56bb-3f21-826d-30869ddab73b.jpg[/img]

- 指定大小300×300
[color=blue]http://thumbor-server:8888/unsafe/300x300/http://desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn/t_s1920x1200c5/g5/M00/01/0E/ChMkJlbKwbyIFnBKAAhTmqigyPUAALGdAHEN-kACFOy827.jpg[/color]
[img]http://dl2.iteye.com/upload/attachment/0126/5511/eb7b619d-0e3d-3eb4-9d01-943ecf4de05a.jpg[/img]

- 裁剪指定位置
[color=blue]http://thumbor-server:8888/unsafe/528x111:1101x657/http://desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn/t_s1920x1200c5/g5/M00/01/0E/ChMkJlbKwbyIFnBKAAhTmqigyPUAALGdAHEN-kACFOy827.jpg[/color]
[img]http://dl2.iteye.com/upload/attachment/0126/5513/4ef58962-95f5-3e7b-b7a8-f857b4f22821.jpg[/img]

- 图像滤镜
[color=blue]http://thumbor-server:8888/unsafe/400x200/filters:grayscale()/http://desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn/t_s1920x1200c5/g5/M00/01/0E/ChMkJlbKwbyIFnBKAAhTmqigyPUAALGdAHEN-kACFOy827.jpg[/color]
[img]http://dl2.iteye.com/upload/attachment/0126/5515/051b9571-9cfb-3cee-92f0-b58dc62a9454.jpg[/img]

[color=blue]http://thumbor-server:8888/unsafe/200x200/filters:brightness(-20)/http://desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn/t_s1920x1200c5/g5/M00/01/0E/ChMkJlbKwbyIFnBKAAhTmqigyPUAALGdAHEN-kACFOy827.jpg[/color]
[img]http://dl2.iteye.com/upload/attachment/0126/5517/f9a1b838-660e-3336-a159-12644015b25b.jpg[/img]

[color=blue]http://thumbor-server:8888/unsafe/200x200/filters:brightness(40)/http://desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn/t_s1920x1200c5/g5/M00/01/0E/ChMkJlbKwbyIFnBKAAhTmqigyPUAALGdAHEN-kACFOy827.jpg[/color]
[img]http://dl2.iteye.com/upload/attachment/0126/5519/045f0a03-c1ae-3cf8-b396-d5d5f1cee16c.jpg[/img]

[color=blue]http://thumbor-server:8888/unsafe/filters:round_corner(40,255,255,255):grayscale()/http://desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn/t_s1920x1200c5/g5/M00/01/0E/ChMkJlbKwbyIFnBKAAhTmqigyPUAALGdAHEN-kACFOy827.jpg[/color]
[img]http://dl2.iteye.com/upload/attachment/0126/5521/2e385fbe-fceb-3c20-982a-11c3c8cc4a1b.jpg[/img]

[b]（4）安全模式[/b]

以上都是测试用URL，可以看到URL里包含[b]/unsafe/[/b]。

限定来源

# vi /usr/local/thumbor/thumbor.conf
ALLOWED_SOURCES = [
  'desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn'
]

访问以下URL会返回 200 OK
[color=blue]http://thumbor-server:8888/unsafe/300x100/http://desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn/t_s1920x1200c5/g5/M00/01/0E/ChMkJlbKwbyIFnBKAAhTmqigyPUAALGdAHEN-kACFOy827.jpg[/color]
[img]http://dl2.iteye.com/upload/attachment/0126/5523/ac2945de-8e86-3c68-bb19-b55113e44295.jpg[/img]

访问以下URL会返回 400 Bad Request
[color=blue]http://thumbor-server:8888/unsafe/300x100/https://http.cat/405.jpg[/color]
[img]http://dl2.iteye.com/upload/attachment/0126/5527/d5721da7-7942-3963-adad-4bff3100a1ef.jpg[/img]

关闭unsafe配置密钥

# openssl rand -base64 48
JNj9+RxUKfsgrVN+8cH5DVzNdRURiFzBo6S2lL9Q0zcweHmdkU6q1Rf60XX7LnVc
# vi /usr/local/thumbor/thumbor.conf
ALLOW_UNSAFE_URL = False
SECURITY_KEY = 'JNj9+RxUKfsgrVN+8cH5DVzNdRURiFzBo6S2lL9Q0zcweHmdkU6q1Rf60XX7LnVc'

再次访问以下URL会返回 400 Bad Request，设置的ALLOWED_SOURCES也无效了。
[color=blue]http://thumbor-server:8888/unsafe/300x100/http://desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn/t_s1920x1200c5/g5/M00/01/0E/ChMkJlbKwbyIFnBKAAhTmqigyPUAALGdAHEN-kACFOy827.jpg[/color]
[img]http://dl2.iteye.com/upload/attachment/0126/5527/d5721da7-7942-3963-adad-4bff3100a1ef.jpg[/img]

[b]（5）URL做成[/b]

查看thumbor-url用法

# thumbor-url -h

通过KEY获取URL

# thumbor-url -k JNj9+RxUKfsgrVN+8cH5DVzNdRURiFzBo6S2lL9Q0zcweHmdkU6q1Rf60XX7LnVc http://desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn/t_s1920x1200c5/g5/M00/01/0E/ChMkJlbKwbyIFnBKAAhTmqigyPUAALGdAHEN-kACFOy827.jpg
URL:
/UJWGMA3XL6X29zF2qgQgBKqz_QM=/http%3A//desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn/t_s1920x1200c5/g5/M00/01/0E/ChMkJlbKwbyIFnBKAAhTmqigyPUAALGdAHEN-kACFOy827.jpg
/UJWGMA3XL6X29zF2qgQgBKqz_QM=/http%3A//desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn/t_s1920x1200c5/g5/M00/01/0E/ChMkJlbKwbyIFnBKAAhTmqigyPUAALGdAHEN-kACFOy827.jpg

通过KEY文件获取URL

# vi /etc/thumbor.key
JNj9+RxUKfsgrVN+8cH5DVzNdRURiFzBo6S2lL9Q0zcweHmdkU6q1Rf60XX7LnVc
# thumbor-url -l /etc/thumbor.key http://desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn/t_s1920x1200c5/g5/M00/01/0E/ChMkJlbKwbyIFnBKAAhTmqigyPUAALGdAHEN-kACFOy827.jpg
URL:
/UJWGMA3XL6X29zF2qgQgBKqz_QM=/http%3A//desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn/t_s1920x1200c5/g5/M00/01/0E/ChMkJlbKwbyIFnBKAAhTmqigyPUAALGdAHEN-kACFOy827.jpg
/UJWGMA3XL6X29zF2qgQgBKqz_QM=/http%3A//desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn/t_s1920x1200c5/g5/M00/01/0E/ChMkJlbKwbyIFnBKAAhTmqigyPUAALGdAHEN-kACFOy827.jpg

访问以下URL会返回 200 OK
[color=blue]http://thumbor-server:8888/UJWGMA3XL6X29zF2qgQgBKqz_QM=/http%3A//desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn/t_s1920x1200c5/g5/M00/01/0E/ChMkJlbKwbyIFnBKAAhTmqigyPUAALGdAHEN-kACFOy827.jpg[/color]
[img]http://dl2.iteye.com/upload/attachment/0126/5529/a2a95913-7fed-325d-88a9-6e264f0ec98d.jpg[/img]

缩放

# thumbor-url -l /etc/thumbor.key -w 300 -e 200 http://desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn/t_s1920x1200c5/g5/M00/01/0E/ChMkJlbKwbyIFnBKAAhTmqigyPUAALGdAHEN-kACFOy827.jpg
URL:
/byeRaXKHyMqfrsWmRZb558J_8iI=/300x200/http%3A//desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn/t_s1920x1200c5/g5/M00/01/0E/ChMkJlbKwbyIFnBKAAhTmqigyPUAALGdAHEN-kACFOy827.jpg
/byeRaXKHyMqfrsWmRZb558J_8iI=/300x200/http%3A//desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn/t_s1920x1200c5/g5/M00/01/0E/ChMkJlbKwbyIFnBKAAhTmqigyPUAALGdAHEN-kACFOy827.jpg

访问以下URL会返回 200 OK
[color=blue]http://thumbor-server:8888/byeRaXKHyMqfrsWmRZb558J_8iI=/300x200/http%3A//desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn/t_s1920x1200c5/g5/M00/01/0E/ChMkJlbKwbyIFnBKAAhTmqigyPUAALGdAHEN-kACFOy827.jpg[/color]
[img]http://dl2.iteye.com/upload/attachment/0126/5531/47bb986d-16d6-315f-bae3-490822e41c97.jpg[/img]

[b]（6）智能裁剪[/b]

安装

# yum install -y opencv GraphicsMagick openssl-devel curl-devel GraphicsMagick-c++-devel boost boost-devel boost-python

# pip install pgmagick opencv-python graphicsmagick-engine
# pip install -i http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple --trusted-host mirrors.aliyun.com pgmagick opencv-python graphicsmagick-engine

设置

# vi /usr/local/thumbor/thumbor.conf
DETECTORS = [
      'thumbor.detectors.face_detector',
      'thumbor.detectors.feature_detector'
    ]

有无/smart/前后效果对比：

# thumbor-url -l /etc/thumbor.key -w 300 -e 80 http://desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn/t_s1920x1200c5/g5/M00/01/0E/ChMkJlbKwbyIFnBKAAhTmqigyPUAALGdAHEN-kACFOy827.jpg
URL:
/twOvaCpM5nAUv3JCdDnNP76Iqz0=/300x80/http%3A//desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn/t_s1920x1200c5/g5/M00/01/0E/ChMkJlbKwbyIFnBKAAhTmqigyPUAALGdAHEN-kACFOy827.jpg
/twOvaCpM5nAUv3JCdDnNP76Iqz0=/300x80/http%3A//desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn/t_s1920x1200c5/g5/M00/01/0E/ChMkJlbKwbyIFnBKAAhTmqigyPUAALGdAHEN-kACFOy827.jpg

# thumbor-url -l /etc/thumbor.key -w 300 -e 80 -s http://desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn/t_s1920x1200c5/g5/M00/01/0E/ChMkJlbKwbyIFnBKAAhTmqigyPUAALGdAHEN-kACFOy827.jpg
URL:
/swDVsG0g_nYBE8zHDcjzfyH561w=/300x80/smart/http%3A//desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn/t_s1920x1200c5/g5/M00/01/0E/ChMkJlbKwbyIFnBKAAhTmqigyPUAALGdAHEN-kACFOy827.jpg
/swDVsG0g_nYBE8zHDcjzfyH561w=/300x80/smart/http%3A//desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn/t_s1920x1200c5/g5/M00/01/0E/ChMkJlbKwbyIFnBKAAhTmqigyPUAALGdAHEN-kACFOy827.jpg

[color=blue]http://thumbor-server:8888/twOvaCpM5nAUv3JCdDnNP76Iqz0=/300x80/http%3A//desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn/t_s1920x1200c5/g5/M00/01/0E/ChMkJlbKwbyIFnBKAAhTmqigyPUAALGdAHEN-kACFOy827.jpg[/color]
[img]http://dl2.iteye.com/upload/attachment/0126/5533/04e38a85-2ebb-35f6-b8e7-36af5eaa80a7.jpg[/img]

[color=blue]http://thumbor-server:8888/swDVsG0g_nYBE8zHDcjzfyH561w=/300x80/smart/http%3A//desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn/t_s1920x1200c5/g5/M00/01/0E/ChMkJlbKwbyIFnBKAAhTmqigyPUAALGdAHEN-kACFOy827.jpg[/color]
[img]http://dl2.iteye.com/upload/attachment/0126/5535/35ca7337-6958-3827-8e05-fc207e480217.jpg[/img]

[b]（7）图像上传[/b]

可以通过REST的方式上传图像：POST http://thumbor-server:8888/image

默认未开启上传功能，会返回‘405: Method Not Allowed’。

# vi /usr/local/thumbor/thumbor.conf
UPLOAD_ENABLED = True

# curl -i -H "Content-Type: image/jpeg" -H "Slug: rensanning.jpg" \
          -XPOST http://thumbor-server:8888/image --data-binary "@/tmp/1348814002177.jpg"
HTTP/1.1 201 Created
Date: Wed, 16 Aug 2017 02:19:59 GMT
Content-Length: 0
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Location: /image/14ffd48c8baa4301b476c4b837568af8/rensanning.jpg
Server: TornadoServer/4.5.1

[img]http://dl2.iteye.com/upload/attachment/0126/5537/370946a4-3faf-3ce1-8ff2-187fafa7bba8.jpg[/img]

访问以下URL会返回 200 OK。
[color=blue]http://thumbor-server:8888/image/14ffd48c8baa4301b476c4b837568af8/rensanning.jpg[/color]
[img]http://dl2.iteye.com/upload/attachment/0126/5539/e234d821-81a5-375e-9240-9f9815bfe5a5.jpg[/img]

同理可以通过PUT、DELETE、GET来操作已有图像。当然默认是不允许的需要修改配置。
[quote]#UPLOAD_DELETE_ALLOWED = False
#UPLOAD_PUT_ALLOWED = False[/quote]

[b]（8）其他设置[/b]

默认采用的HTTP加载图像，也就是需要提供一个图像的绝对URL，也可以采用加载本地图像，把图像放入root文件夹即可访问。
LOADER = 'thumbor.loaders.file_loader'

[quote]## The loader thumbor should use to load the original image. This must be the
## full name of a python module (python must be able to import it)
## Defaults to: 'thumbor.loaders.http_loader'
#LOADER = 'thumbor.loaders.http_loader'

## The root path where the File Loader will try to find images
## Defaults to: '/root'
#FILE_LOADER_ROOT_PATH = '/root'[/quote]

默认是不存储转换后的图像的，需要的话需要设置。
RESULT_STORAGE = 'thumbor.result_storages.file_storage'

[quote]## The result storage thumbor should use to store generated images. This must be
## the full name of a python module (python must be able to import it)
## Defaults to: None
#RESULT_STORAGE = None

## Path where the Result storage will store generated images
## Defaults to: '/tmp/thumbor/result_storage'
#RESULT_STORAGE_FILE_STORAGE_ROOT_PATH = '/tmp/thumbor/result_storage'[/quote]

参考：
https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000008656825
https://ingramchen.io/blog/2015/12/thumbor-tutorial.html
https://blog.1q77.com/2015/05/using-thumbor-part1