Android FastBle 教程
赫连鸿振
推荐资源站：https://zhimalier.com/
本文为 FastBle 的使用教程，及部分补充内容（write 例子）。
关于 FastBle 的详细介绍，可参考 Android BLE开发详解和FastBle源码解析。
目录
一、概述
Android 4.3（API 级别 18）引入了内置平台支持低功耗蓝牙（BLE）的核心角色，并提供应用程序可用于发现设备，查询服务和传输信息的API。
与经典蓝牙（Classic Bluetooth）相比，低功耗蓝牙（BLE）旨在提供显着降低的功耗。这允许 Android 应用程序与具有更严格电源要求的 BLE 设备通信，例如接近传感器，心率监视器和健身设备。
二、配置 BLE 权限
1. 配置定位权限
由于 LE Beacons 通常与位置相关联。要在 BluetoothLeScanner 没有过滤器的情况下使用，您必须通过声明应用程序清单文件中的权限 ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION 或 ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION 权限来请求用户的权限。没有这些权限，扫描将不会返回任何结果。
<!-- AndroidManifest.xml -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />// MainActivity.java
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M
&& checkSelfPermission(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
&& checkSelfPermission(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
requestLocationPermission();
} else {
initBluetooth();
}2. 配置蓝牙权限
要在您的应用程序中使用蓝牙功能，您必须声明蓝牙权限 BLUETOOTH。您需要此权限才能执行任何蓝牙通信，例如请求连接，接受连接和传输数据。
如果您希望应用启动设备发现或操作蓝牙设置，则还必须声明 BLUETOOTH_ADMIN 权限。注意：如果您使用 BLUETOOTH_ADMIN 权限，则您还必须拥有 BLUETOOTH 权限。
<!-- AndroidManifest.xml -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />如果您要声明您的应用仅适用于支持 BLE 的设备，请在应用的清单中包含以下 BLE 权限：
<!-- AndroidManifest.xml -->
<uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.bluetooth_le" android:required="true"/>
但是一般来说，蓝牙只是应用程序的一个小功能，所以我们只会在使用到蓝牙功能时，去检查 BLE 是否可用，所以并不需要上述 BLE 权限，取而代之的是使用时检查：
// MainActivity.java
private void initBluetooth() {
// Use this check to determine whether BLE is supported on the device. Then you can
// selectively disable BLE-related features.
// 检查当前手机是否支持 ble 蓝牙
if (!getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_BLUETOOTH_LE)) {
Toast.makeText(this, R.string.ble_not_supported, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
return; // or finish();
}
...
}三、设置 BLE
如果不支持 BLE，则应优雅地禁用任何 BLE 功能。如果 BLE 受支持但已禁用，则可以请求用户启用蓝牙而无需离开您的应用程序。这个设置分两步完成，使用 BluetoothAdapter。
1. 获取 BluetoothAdapter
// MainActivity.java
private BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter;
...
// Initializes a Bluetooth adapter. For API level 18 and above, get a reference to
// BluetoothAdapter through BluetoothManager.
// 初始化 Bluetooth adapter, 通过蓝牙管理器得到一个参考蓝牙适配器(API必须在以上android4.3或以上和版本)
final BluetoothManager bluetoothManager = (BluetoothManager) getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE);
mBluetoothAdapter = bluetoothManager.getAdapter();2. 开启蓝牙
// MainActivity.java
private static final int REQUEST_ENABLE_BT = 1;
...
// Checks if Bluetooth is supported on the device.
// 检查设备上是否支持蓝牙
if (mBluetoothAdapter == null) {
Toast.makeText(this, R.string.error_bluetooth_not_supported, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
return; // or finish();
}
// Ensures Bluetooth is enabled on the device. If Bluetooth is not currently enabled,
// fire an intent to display a dialog asking the user to grant permission to enable it.
// 检查蓝牙是否开启
if (!mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {
if (!mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {
Intent enableBtIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
startActivityForResult(enableBtIntent, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT);
return;
}
}
// MainActivity.java
@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
if (requestCode == REQUEST_ENABLE_BT) {
// User chose not to enable Bluetooth.
if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_CANCELED) {
ToastUtils.showShort(R.string.please_open_bluetooth_to_use_ble_function);
} else if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK) {
ToastUtils.showShort(R.string.start_scanning_bluetooth_device);
// 扫描蓝牙设备
...
}
}
super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
}四、初始化 BleManager
引入 FastBle：compile 'com.clj.fastble:FastBleLib:1.2.1'
BleManager.getInstance().init(getApplication());
BleManager.getInstance()
.enableLog(true)
.setReConnectCount(1, 5000)
.setConnectOverTime(20000)
.setOperateTimeout(5000);如果需要设备扫描规则：
BleScanRuleConfig scanRuleConfig = new BleScanRuleConfig.Builder()
.setServiceUuids(serviceUuids)
.setDeviceName(true, names)
.setDeviceMac(mac)
.setAutoConnect(isAutoConnect)
.setScanTimeOut(10000)
.build();
BleManager.getInstance().initScanRule(scanRuleConfig);五、扫描蓝牙设备
private void startScan() {
BleManager.getInstance().scan(new BleScanCallback() {
@Override
public void onScanStarted(boolean success) {
mBluetoothQuickAdapter.setNewData(new ArrayList<BleDevice>());
img_loading.startAnimation(operatingAnim);
img_loading.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
}
@Override
public void onLeScan(BleDevice bleDevice) {
super.onLeScan(bleDevice);
}
@Override
public void onScanning(BleDevice bleDevice) {
mBluetoothQuickAdapter.addData(bleDevice);
}
@Override
public void onScanFinished(List<BleDevice> scanResultList) {
img_loading.clearAnimation();
img_loading.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE);
}
});
}六、连接蓝牙设备
连接蓝牙后，如果需要往指定的 Characteristic UUID 中，写入一定的开锁指令，可使用以下方法连接蓝牙、搜索指定 UUID：
private void connect(final BleDevice bleDevice) {
BleManager.getInstance().connect(bleDevice, new BleGattCallback() {
@Override
public void onStartConnect() {
progressDialog.show();
}
@Override
public void onConnectFail(BleDevice bleDevice, BleException exception) {
img_loading.clearAnimation();
img_loading.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE);
progressDialog.dismiss();
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, getString(R.string.connect_fail), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
@Override
public void onConnectSuccess(BleDevice bleDevice, BluetoothGatt gatt, int status) {
progressDialog.dismiss();
// 搜索指定 Characteristic UUID，并 Write
searchSpecifiedCharacteristicUuid(bleDevice, WRITE_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID);
}
@Override
public void onDisConnected(boolean isActiveDisConnected, BleDevice bleDevice, BluetoothGatt gatt, int status) {
progressDialog.dismiss();
mBluetoothQuickAdapter.remove(mBluetoothQuickAdapter.getData().indexOf(bleDevice));
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, getString(R.string.active_disconnected), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
});
}
private void searchSpecifiedCharacteristicUuid(BleDevice bleDevice, String characteristicUuid) {
String uuid = "";
BluetoothGatt bluetoothGatt = BleManager.getInstance().getBluetoothGatt(bleDevice);
List<BluetoothGattService> serviceList = bluetoothGatt.getServices();
for (BluetoothGattService service : serviceList) {
List<BluetoothGattCharacteristic> characteristicList = service.getCharacteristics();
for(BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic : characteristicList) {
uuid = characteristic.getUuid().toString();
if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(uuid) && TextUtils.equals(uuid, characteristicUuid)) {
writeCommand(bleDevice, characteristic);
return;
}
}
}
}七、读取蓝牙设备的数据
读取例子可参考官方 Demo。
八、写入数据到蓝牙设备
private void writeCommand(BleDevice bleDevice, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {
// 此处的 input 是蓝牙设备厂商内置的命令格式
byte[] input = GenOpenBytes(bleDevice.getName().substring(5), "13995534706", 0xffffffff, "0123456");
BleManager.getInstance().write(
bleDevice,
characteristic.getService().getUuid().toString(),
characteristic.getUuid().toString(),
input,
new BleWriteCallback() {
@Override
public void onWriteSuccess(final int current, final int total, final byte[] justWrite) {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, R.string.write_success, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
@Override
public void onWriteFailure(final BleException exception) {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, R.string.write_failure, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
});
}
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