Mac下安装lightgbm-image not found

1.安装环境

• 系统
  • MacOS Mojave
  • 版本10.14.2
• Xcode
  • 10.1

$ clang -v
Apple LLVM version 10.0.0 (clang-1000.11.45.5)
Target: x86_64-apple-darwin18.2.0
Thread model: posix

2.错误安装

• 直接使用命令：

pip install lightgbm

• 使用时直接调用：

import lightgbm as lgb

• 然后在pycharm、notebook中使用时会报错：

OSError: dlopen(/Usrs/chao/.pyenv/versions/3.6.2/lib/python3.6/site-packages/lightgbm/lib_lightgbm.so, 6): Library not loaded: /Usrs/chao/.../libgomp.1.dylib
Referenced from: /Usrs/chao/.pyenv/versions/3.6.2/lib/python3.6/site-packages/lightgbm/lib_lightgbm.so
Reason: image not found

• 那么请先执行：这一步会卸载原来错误安装的库

pip uninstall lightgbm

3.正确安装

• 保证之前错误的安装已经卸载掉了，然后进行下面的操作。

1.确保homebrew安装，并已经更新

2.安装cmake依赖

• 在命令行，依次执行以下命令，如果出现Error: invalid option: --without-multilib错误，把后面的--without-multilib可选性去掉即可。

brew install cmake
brew install gcc@7 --without-multilib
git clone --recursive https://github.com/Microsoft/LightGBM ; 
cd LightGBM
mkdir build ; 
cd build

3.编译

• 命令行执行：

cmake -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=g++-7 -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=gcc-7 .. 

• 执行结果：

-- The C compiler identification is GNU 7.3.0
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 7.3.0
// ...
-- Found OpenMP: TRUE   
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /Users/chao/Documents/python/LightGBM/build

4.构建

• 命令行执行：

make -j

• 如果没有报错，执行结果：

Scanning dependencies of target lightgbm
Scanning dependencies of target _lightgbm
[  1%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/_lightgbm.dir/src/io/dataset.cpp.o
[  3%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/lightgbm.dir/src/io/dataset.cpp.o
// ...
[ 92%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/_lightgbm.dir/src/treelearner/voting_parallel_tree_learner.cpp.o
[ 93%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/_lightgbm.dir/src/metric/metric.cpp.o
[ 95%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/lightgbm.dir/src/network/linkers_mpi.cpp.o
[ 96%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/_lightgbm.dir/src/io/tree.cpp.o
[100%] Linking CXX executable ../lightgbm
[100%] Linking CXX shared library ../lib_lightgbm.so
[100%] Built target lightgbm
[100%] Built target _lightgbm

• 并在上级目录LightGBM下生成lib_lightgbm.so*和lightgbm*两个文件。

cd ..
ls

• 如果没有出错，可以直接进行第6步

5.错误处理

• 如果出现以下错误：

/usr/local/Cellar/gcc@7/7.3.0/lib/gcc/7/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin17.5.0/7.3.0/include-fixed/stdio.h:78:10: fatal error: _stdio.h: No such file or directory
 #include <_stdio.h>
          ^~~~~~~~~~
compilation terminated.

• 则在Finder里按名称匹配搜索_stdio.h，找到以

Copyright (c) 2000, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2010 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.

• 注释信息开头的_stdio.h，复制到以下目录（具体地址参见报错信息）：

/usr/local/Cellar/gcc@7/7.3.0/lib/gcc/7/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin17.5.0/7.3.0/include-fixed/

• 再重新执行第4步，然后项目构建成功。

6.安装lightgbm

• 命令行执行：

cd python-package
pip install lightgbm

• 在命令行执行验证是否安装成功：

$ python
>>> import lightgbm as lgb
>>> lgb.LGBMClassifier()
LGBMClassifier(boosting_type='gbdt', class_weight=None, colsample_bytree=1.0,
        learning_rate=0.1, max_depth=-1, min_child_samples=20,
        min_child_weight=0.001, min_split_gain=0.0, n_estimators=100,
        n_jobs=-1, num_leaves=31, objective=None, random_state=None,
        reg_alpha=0.0, reg_lambda=0.0, silent=True, subsample=1.0,
        subsample_for_bin=200000, subsample_freq=1)

• 终端使用OK，但是pycharm、notebook里还是不行，不出意外会显示：

ImportError: No module named "lightgbm"

• 下面需要手动简单配置以下

7.手动配置

• 拷贝/LightGBM/lib_lightgbm.so文件到/LightGBM/python-package/lightgbm/目录下，再将/LightGBM/python-package/lightgbm整个文件夹拷贝到系统python的包目录下，如：
• 将.so文件拷贝到lightgbm下，这里是我的路径，你要替换为自己的

cp lib_lightgbm.so /Users/ricky/LightGBM/python-package/lightgbm/

• 将lightgbm文件拷贝到Python的lib库路径下：

cp -r /Users/ricky/LightGBM/python-package/lightgbm ./