emacs用W3模式浏览WEB
Table of Contents
1 W3浏览WEB
例如收到的一封电子邮件里有一个指向某个Web站点，或FTP站点的URL地址，于是想去看一看。 移动到该URL地址处并输入 ESC x w3-follow-URL-at-point 就会转到那个站点去。
如果对那个站点上的东西感兴趣，则可以把它添加到收藏夹里，或者用 C-x C-w (另存为)组合键把该 主页上的内容保存到一个文件里去。
也可以在不退出Emacs的情况下浏览自己编写的HTML文档，输入 ESC x w3-open-local RET filename RET 命令即可。
2 emacs-w3m的安装
2.1 首先安装w3m
2.2 然后再通过cvs下载emacs-w3m进行安装:
搞了半天，发现 Emacs-w3m of this version does not support Emacs 23; try the development version
对Emacs23.2版本，需要使用cvs版本，下载如下：
# cvs -d :pserver:anonymous@cvs.namazu.org:/storage/cvsroot co emacs-w3m ##下载完成后，将源码拷贝到/usr/local/src目录下， # cp -r emacs-w3m /usr/local/src/ # cd /usr/local/src/emacs-w3m/ ##然后进入emacs-w3m目录，进行如下操作： # autoconf # ./configure # make # sudo make install ##如果没有装autoconf，需要先apt安装。
2.3 配置.emacs
;; set emacs-w3m
;;设置emacs-w3m浏览器
(add-to-list 'load-path "~/.emacs.d/site-lisp/emacs-w3m/")
(require 'w3m)
(require 'w3m-load)
;(require 'mime-w3m)
;; 设置w3m主页
(setq w3m-home-page "http://www.google.com")
;; 默认显示图片
(setq w3m-default-display-inline-images t)
(setq w3m-default-toggle-inline-images t)
;; 使用cookies
(setq w3m-command-arguments '("-cookie" "-F"))
(setq w3m-use-cookies t)
(setq browse-url-browser-function 'w3m-browse-url)
(setq w3m-view-this-url-new-session-in-background t)
3 Emacs-w3m 快捷键操作
| 快捷键 | 功能 |
|---|---|
| q | 关闭窗口 |
| Q | 直接离开 |
| C-x-k | 关闭当前标签页 |
| U | 打开 URL |
| V | 打开文件 |
| G | 在标签页中打开一个网址 |
| S | 用google进行搜索 |
| B | 后退 |
| N | 前进 |
| H | 主页 |
| R | 刷新 |
| C-n | 下一行 |
| C-p | 向上一行 |
| C-b | 向后 |
| C-f | 向前 |
| C-v | 向下滚屏 |
| ESC v | 向上滚屏 |
| 打开链接 | RET |
| > | 向右滚屏 |
| < | 向左滚屏 |
| , | 向左移动一格 |
| . | 向右移动一格 |
3.1 书签
| 快捷键 | 功能 |
|---|---|
| a | 添加当前页到书签 |
| ESC a | 添加该URL到书签 |
| v | 显示书签 |
| E | 编辑书签 |
| C-k | 删除书签 |
| C-_ | 撤消书签 |
| M | 用外部浏览器打开当前页面 |
| ESC M | 用外部浏览器打开链接 |
| C-c C-k | 停止载入 |
4 w3m MANUAL
4.1 Location: http://w3m.sourceforge.net/MANUAL
4.2 Index
- Introduction
- Options
- Document color
- Key binding
- Lynx-like key binding
- Mouse operation
- Key customization
- Local CGI
4.3 Introduction
w3m is a pager/text-based WWW browser. You can browse local documents and/or documents on the WWW using a terminal emulator.
4.4 Options
4.5 Command line usage is
#!/bin/bash w3m [options] [file|URL]
If you specify filenames/URLs on command line, these documents are displayed. If you specify nothing, w3m reads a document from standard input and display it. If no filename and/or URLs are specified and standard input is tty, w3m terminates without displaying anything.
4.6 Options are as follows:
+<line number> Move to the specified line.
-t width Specify tab width. Default is 8.
-r When displaying text/plain document, prohibit emphasis using backspace. If you don't specify this option, ``A^H_'' is interpreted as underlined character and ``A^HA'' as a bold character. -l number Specify line number preserved internally when reading text/plain document fron standard input. Default is 10000. -s Display documents with Shift_JIS code. -e Display documents with EUC_JP code. -j Display documents with ISO-2022-JP code. -T type Specify document type. Without this option, document type is determined from extension of a file. If the determination fails, the document is regarded as text/plain.
Example: Read HTML document from standard input and display it
cat hoge.html | w3m -T text/html
Display HTML source
w3m -T text/plain hoge.html
-m Display document with Internet message mode. With this option, w3m determines document type from header information. It is useful when reading E-mail or NetNews messages. -v visual startup mode. -B Show the bookmark. -bookmark file Specify bookmark file. -M Monochrome display mode. -F Automatically render frame. -S Squeeze blank lines. -X Upon exit, do not display preserved screen. -W Toggle wrap search mode. -o option=value Specify option. The option names and values are same as that appears in ~/.w3m/config. -cookie Process cookies. -no-cookie Don't process cookies. -pauth username:password Set username and password for (basic) proxy authentication. -num Show linenumber. -dump Read document specified by URL and dump formatted text into standard output. The width of the document become 80. This width can be overridden with -cols option. -cols width Specify document width. Used with -dump option. -ppc count Specify the number of pixels per character (default 8.0). Larger values will make tables narrower. -dump_source Read document specified by URL and dump the source. -dump_head Read document specified by URL and dump headers. -dump_both Read document specified by URL and dump headers and the source. -dump_extra Read document specified by URL and dump extra informations, headers and the source. -post file use POST method with file content. -header string insert string as a header. -no-proxy Don't use proxy server. -no-graph Don't use graphic character to draw frames. -no-mouse Don't activate mouse. -config file specify config file.
4.7 Document color
Links and images are displayed as follows.
-------------+----------+---------------- links -------------+----------+---------------- inline images -------------+----------+---------------- form input | Color mode blue green red | Monochrome mode underline reverse reverse |
|---|
4.8 Key binding
After invocation, you can operate w3m by one-character commands from the keyboard.
Here's the original key-binding table. If you are using Lynx-like key bindings, see the Lynx-like key binding.
Page/Cursor motion
SPC,C-v Forward page b,ESC v Backward page l,C-f Cursor right h,C-b Cursor left j,C-n Cursor down k,C-p Cursor up J Roll up one line K Roll down one line ^,C-a Go to the beginning of line $,C-e Go to the end of line w Go to next word W Go to previous word > Shift screen right < Shift screen left . Shift screen one column right , Shift screen one column left g,M-< Go to the first line G,M-> Go to the last line ESC g Go to specified line Z Move to the center line z Move to the center column TAB Move to next hyperlink C-u,ESC Move to previous hyperlink TAB [ Move to the first hyperlink ] Move to the last hyperlink
Hyperlink operation
RET Follow hyperlink a, ESC RET Save link to file u Peek link URL i Peek image URL I View inline image ESC I Save inline image to file
Mark URL-like strings as anchors
ESC : Mark Message-ID-like strings as news anchors c Peek current URL = Display information about current document C-g Show current line number C-h View history of URL F Render frame M Browse current document using external browser (use 2M and 3M to invoke second and third browser) ESC M Browse link using external browser (use 2ESC M and 3ESC M to invoke second and third browser)
File/Stream operation
U Open URL V View new file @ Execute shell command and load
Buffer operation
B Back to the previous buffer v View HTML source s Select buffer E Edit buffer source C-l Redraw screen R Reload buffer S Save buffer ESC s Save source ESC e Edit buffer image
Buffer selection mode
k, C-p Select previous buffer j, C-n Select next buffer D Delect current buffer RET Go to the selected buffer
Bookmark operation
ESC b Load bookmark ESC a Add current to bookmark
Search
/,C-s Search forward ?,C-r Search backward n Search next N Search previous C-w Toggle wrap search mode
Mark operation
C-SPC Set/unset mark ESC p Go to previous mark ESC n Go to next mark " Mark by regular expression
Miscellany
! Execute shell command H Help (load this file) o Set option C-k Show cookie jar C-c Stop C-z Suspend q Quit (with confirmation, if you like) Q Quit without confirmation
Line-edit mode
C-f Move cursor forward C-b Move cursor backward C-h Delete previous character C-d Delete current character C-k Kill everything after cursor C-u Kill everything before cursor C-a Move to the top of line C-e Move to the bottom of line C-p Fetch the previous string from the history list C-n Fetch the next string from the history list TAB,SPC Complete filename RETURN Accept
Lynx-like key binding
If you have chosen `Lynx-like key binding' at the compile time, you can use the following key binding.
Page/Cursor motion
SPC,C-v,+ Forward page b,ESC v,- Previous page l Cursor right h Cursor left j Cursor down k Cursor up J Roll up one line K Roll down one line ^ Go to the beginning of line $ Go to the end of line > Shift screen right < Shift screen left C-a Go to the first line C-e Go to the last line G Go to the specified line Z Move to the center line z Move to the center column TAB,C-n,Down Move to next hyperlink arrow ESC TAB,C-p,Up Move to previous link arrow C-g Show current page position
Hyperlink operation
RET, C-f, Right Follow hyperlink arrow d, ESC RET Save link to file u Peek link URL i Peek image URL I View inline image ESC I Save inline image to file
Mark URL-like strings as anchors
ESC : Mark Message-ID-like strings as news anchors c Peek current URL = Display information about current document C-h View history of URL F Render frame M Browse current document using external browser (use 2M and 3M to invoke second and third browser) ESC M Browse link using external browser (use 2ESC M and 3ESC M to invoke second and third browser)
File/Stream operation
g,U Open URL V View new file @ Execute shell command and load
Buffer operation
B, C-b, Back to the previous buffer Left arrow \ View HTML source s, C-h Select buffer E Edit buffer source C-l, C-w Redraw screen R, C-r Reload buffer S, p Save buffer ESC s Save source ESC e Edit buffer image
Buffer selection mode
k, C-p Select previous buffer j, C-n Select next buffer D Delect current buffer RET Go to the selected buffer
Bookmark operation
v, ESC b Load bookmark a, ESC a Add current to bookmark
Search
/, C-s Search forward n Search next w Toggle wrap search mode
Mark operation
C-SPC Set/unset mark P Go to previous mark N Go to next mark " Mark by regular expression
Miscellany
! Execute shell command H, ? Help (load this file) o Set option C-k Show cookie jar C-c Stop C-z Suspend q Quit (with confirmation, if you like) Q Quit without confirmation
Line-edit mode
C-f Move cursor forward C-b Move cursor backward C-h Delete previous character C-d Delete current character C-k Kill everything after cursor C-u Kill everything before cursor C-a Move to the top of line C-e Move to the bottom of line C-p Fetch the previous string from the history list C-n Fetch the next string from the history list TAB,SPC Complete filename RETURN Accept
Mouse operation
If w3m is compiled with mouse option and you are using xterm/kterm/rxvt (in this case, you have to set the TERM environment variable to `xterm' or `kterm'.) or GPM environment, you can use mouse for the navigation.
left Move the cursor to the place pointed by the mouse cursor. If you click the cursor and it is on an anchor, follow click the anchor. middle Back to the previous buffer. click right Open pop-up menu. You can choose an item by clicking it. click left drag Scroll document. The default behavior is to grab the document and drag it. You can reverse the behavior (grab the window and drag it) with the option setting panel.
Key customization
You can customize the key binding (except line-editing keymap) by describing ~/.w3m/keymap. For example,
keymap C-o NEXT_PAGE
binds `NEXT_PAGE' function (normally bound to SPC and C-v) to control-o. See README.func for list of available functions. Original and Lynx-like keymap definitions are provided (keymap.default and keymap.lynx) as examples.
Local CGI
You can run CGI scripts using w3m, without any HTTP server. It means that w3m behaves like an HTTP server and activates CGI script, then w3m reads the output of the script and display it. The bookmark registration and helper-app editor are realized as local CGI scripts. Using local CGI, w3m can be used as a general purpose form interface.
For security reason, CGI scripts invoked by w3m must be in one of these directories.
- The directory where w3m-related files are stored (typically /usr/local/lib/w3m). This directory can be referred as $LIB.
- cgi-bin directory. You can map cgi-bin to any directory you like with option setting panel (``Directory corresponds to /cgi-bin'' field). You can specify multiple paths separated by `:', like /usr/local/cgi-bin:/home/aito/cgi-bin. It is not recommended to include current directory to this path.
The CGI script can use special header `w3m-control:' to control w3m. This field can take any function (see README.func), and the specified function is invoked after the document is displayed. For example, The CGI output
Content-Type: text/plain W3m-control: BACK
will display blank page and delete that buffer immediately. This is useful when you don't want to display any page after the script is invoked. The next example
Content-Type: text/plain W3m-control: DELETE_PREVBUF
contents…..
will override the current buffer.
One w3m-control: header have to contain only one function, but you can include more than one w3m-control: lines in the HTTP header. In addition, you can specify an argument to GOTO function:
Content-Type: text/plain W3m-control: GOTO http://www.yahoo.com/
This example works exactly the same way to the Location header:
Content-Type: text/plain Location: http://www.yahoo.com/
Note that this header has no effect when the CGI script is invoked through HTTP server.