工作中经常碰到int8_t、int16_t、int32_t、int64_t、uint8_t、size_t、ssize_t等数据类型,所以有必要对此进行梳理。
int_t同类
int_t 为一个结构的标注,可以理解为type/typedef的缩写,表示它是通过typedef定义的,而不是一种新的数据类型。因为跨平台,不同的平台会有不同的字长,所以利用预编译和typedef可以最有效的维护代码。
int8_t : typedef signed char;
uint8_t : typedef unsigned char;
int16_t : typedef signed short ;
uint16_t : typedef unsigned short ;
int32_t : typedef signed int;
uint32_t : typedef unsigned int;
int64_t : typedef signed long long;
uint64_t : typedef unsigned long long;
Specifier | Common Equivalent | Signing | Bits | Bytes | Minimum Value | Maximum Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
int8_t | signed char | Signed | 8 | 1 | -128 | 127 |
uint8_t | unsigned char | Unsigned | 8 | 1 | 0 | 255 |
int16_t | short | Signed | 16 | 2 | -32,768 | 32,767 |
uint16_t | unsigned short | Unsigned | 16 | 2 | 0 | 65,535 |
int32_t | int | Signed | 32 | 4 | -2,147,483,648 | 2,147,483,647 |
uint32_t | unsigned int | Unsigned | 32 | 4 | 0 | 4,294,967,295 |
int64_t | long long | Signed | 64 | 8 | -9,223,372,036,854,775,808 | 9,223,372,036,854,775,807 |
uint64_t | unsigned long long | Unsigned | 64 | 8 | 0 | 18,446,744,073,709,551,615 |
size_t与ssize_t
size_t主要用于计数,如sizeof函数返回值类型即为size_t。在不同位的机器中所占的位数也不同,size_t是无符号数,ssize_t是有符号数。
由于size_t是无符号数,因此,当变量有可能为负数时,必须使用ssize_t。因为当有符号整型和无符号整型进行运算时,有符号整型会先自动转化成无符号。
int main()
{
unsigned short a;
short int b = -1;
a = b;
cout << "b=" << b << endl; //b=-1
cout << "a=" << a << endl; //a=65535
}
此外,int 无论在32位还是64位机器中,都是4个字节, 且带符号,可见size_t与int 的区别之处。