[ubuntu篇] 使用Github Pages 和hexo 建立个人博客，自定义域名，https加密，搜索引擎google,baidu,360收录

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Part 1: Using Github Pages and Hexo to manage personal blogs.

Series

• Part 1: Using Github Pages and Hexo to manage personal blogs on Ubuntu.
• Part 2: Using Github Pages and Hexo to manage personal blogs on windows.

Hexo Tutorial

Github recommends us to use Jekyll to manage static pages, which is based on Ruby and is difficult for us to install and configure. So we use Hexo instead. Hexo is a static blog framework similar to Jekyll ,which is based on Node.js and easier for use to use.

use Github to create repo

1. create a new repo in github, name by username.github.io: kezunlin.github.io

2. Setting | Automatic Page Generator, choose a theame and deploy.

install by apt-get

sudo apt-get -y install nodejs
sudo apt-get -y install nodejs-legacy
sudo apt-get -y install npm
node -v 
npm -v 

install nodejs from source

# download and compile
wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v8.9.3/node-v8.9.3.tar.gz
tar xzvf node-v8.9.3.tar.gz
cd node-v8.9.3
./configure
make -j8
sudo make install

# link to /usr/bin
sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/node /usr/bin/node
sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/npm /usr/bin/npm

# check version
node -v 
npm -v 

test node

cat hello.js
console.log('Hello World');

node hello.js
Hello World

install hexo

# install hexo globally
sudo npm install hexo-cli -g
#sudo npm install hexo --save

# use cnpm from taobao instead of offical npm, which is slow for chinese users.
sudo npm install -g cnpm --registry=https://registry.npm.taobao.org

use cnpm instead of npm (optional)

# cnpm install 
sudo cnpm install hexo-cli -g

# check version
hexo -v

create hexo site

cd workspace
mkdir blog
cd blog

hexo init
#npm install
hexo generate
hexo server

now we can visit localhost:4000 and create posts.

deploy to github

vim blog/_config.yml

    deploy:
        type: git
        repo:   [e-mail]:kezunlin/kezunlin.github.io.git
        branch: master

generate ssh-key and copy to github

# generate ssh-key 
cd ~
ssh-keygen
cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub

# copy content to github
# https://github.com/settings/keys

# install plungin and deploy to github
npm install hexo-deployer-git --save
hexo deploy

now we can visit https://kezunlin.github.io/

add README and skip render

1. add README.md to source folder

2. edit blog/_config.yml to skip render README.md

    skip_render:
        - README.md
   

use hexo generate to copy README.md from source/ to public/

new post and deploy again

hexo new 'first post'
vim source/_posts/first-post.md

hexo generate
hexo server
hexo deploy

now we can visit https://kezunlin.github.io/ and see our first post.

Appendix

Hexo commands

Hexo common commands：

hexo new "postName"       #new post
hexo new page "pageName"  #new page
hexo generate             #generate static files to public/
hexo server               #start server on localhost:4000 
hexo deploy               #push .deploy_git/ to GitHub
hexo clean                #clean files

Hexo short commands:

hexo n == hexo new
hexo g == hexo generate
hexo s == hexo server
hexo d == hexo deploy

Hexo composite commands:

hexo server -g
hexo deploy -g

Post content

header template

---
title: Using Github Pages and Hexo to manage personal blogs
date: 2017-12-26 17:28:10
categories: tutorial
tags: 
    - github pages
    - hexo
    - nodejs
    - npm
---

more to control web display

<!--more-->
Use static blog framework Hexo to manage site
-----------------------------------------------

Use next theme

cd blog
git clone https://github.com/iissnan/hexo-theme-next themes/next

vim blog/_config.yml

    #theme: landscape
    theme: next

Avatar

edit blog\themes\next\_config.yml

    avatar: /images/avatar.jpg

Plugins

install plugin by

npm install <plugin-name> --save

hexo admin

cnpm install --save hexo-admin

now we can visit http://localhost:4000/admin/

git deployer

npm install hexo-deployer-git --save
hexo deploy

rss feed

npm install hexo-generator-feed --save

# visit http://localhost:4000/atom.xml

sitemap

npm install hexo-generator-sitemap --save

vim blog/_config.yml

sitemap:
  path: sitemap.xml

now we can visit http://localhost:4000/sitemap.xml

baidu sitemap

npm install hexo-generator-baidu-sitemap --save

vim blog/_config.yml

baidusitemap:
  path: baidusitemap.xml

now we can visit http://localhost:4000/baidusitemap.xml

perment link

cnpm install hexo-abbrlink --save

edit blog\_config.yml

    permalink: post/:abbrlink/
    abbrlink:
        alg: crc32  # crc16(default) and crc32
        rep: hex    # dec(default) and hex

will fill abbrlink in your post.md

    ---
    title: Hello World
    categories:
    - tutorial
    tags:
    - hexo
    abbrlink: 4a17b156
    date: 2017-12-26 17:20:10
    ---

index/archive/category/tag

npm install hexo-generator-index --save
npm install hexo-generator-archive --save
npm install hexo-generator-category --save
npm install hexo-generator-tag --save

tags list page

hexo new page "tags"
# generate source/tags/index.md

edit source/tags/index.md

    ---
    title: tags
    date: 2017-12-27 15:46:09
    type: "tags"
    ---

now we can visit http://localhost:4000/tags/

categories list page

hexo new page "categories"
# generate source/categories/index.md

edit source/categories/index.md

    ---
    title: categories
    date: 2017-12-27 15:46:03
    type: "categories"
    ---

now we can visit http://localhost:4000/categories/

local search

install search plugin

cnpm install hexo-generator-search --save
cnpm install hexo-generator-searchdb --save

edit themes\next\_config.yml

    local_search:
        enable: true # create a new 'Search' button next to 'Archives'
        # if auto, trigger search by changing input
        # if manual, trigger search by pressing enter key or search button
        trigger: auto
        # show top n results per article, show all results by setting to -1
        top_n_per_article: 1

edit `_config.yml`

    search:
        path: search.xml
        field: post
        format: html
        limit: 10000

install_hexo_plugins.sh

#!/bin/bash

cnpm install hexo-deployer-git --save

cnpm install hexo-generator-feed --save

cnpm install hexo-generator-sitemap --save
cnpm install hexo-generator-baidu-sitemap --save

cnpm install hexo-generator-index --save
cnpm install hexo-generator-archive --save
cnpm install hexo-generator-category --save
cnpm install hexo-generator-tag --save

cnpm install hexo-generator-search --save
cnpm install hexo-generator-searchdb --save

Upload images to cnblog

1. install img-uploader chrome extension by here
2. upload image and get url.
3. use url in markdown.

![image here](http://images2017.cnblogs.com/.../123.png)

Multiple deploy

• deploy to github.com: username.github.io
• deploy to coding.net (gitcaffe): username

vim blog/_config.yml

deploy:
  type: git
  repo:
      github: [e-mail]:<username>/<username>.github.io.git,master
      coding: [e-mail]:<username>/<username>.git,master

Advanced

custom domain and https

• blog: Github pages
• SSL：CloudFlare
• domain: Godaddy (dns nameservers from CloudFlare)

get ips by

dig kezunlin.github.io +noall +answer

we get

185.199.108.153
185.199.109.153
185.199.110.153
185.199.111.153

• A: point to 185.199.109.153
• CNAME: point to kezunlin.me

steps:

1. get kezunlin.me from Godaddy.com
2. add kezunlin.me to github blog’s blog\source\CNAME file
3. register CloudFlare.com and add A record with github page IP 185.199.109.153 and get dns nameservers dina.ns.cloudflare.com and paul.ns.cloudflare.com
4. add dns nameservers dina.ns.cloudflare.com and paul.ns.cloudflare.com from here

wait for some seconds and we get results from CloudFlare

kezunlin.me
Status: Active

This website is active on Cloudflare.

Universal SSL Status Active Certificate

Active means nameservers take effect.

configure

Crypto | Always use HTTPS
Page Rules| 2 rules for Always use HTTPS

custom domain

1. register domin in godaddy: kezunlin.me
2. add kezunlin.me to dnspod and get dnspod nameservers.
3. visit https://dcc.godaddy.com/manage/kezunlin.me/dns#divDnsManagement to add dnspod nameservers.

f1g1ns1.dnspod.net
f1g1ns2.dnspod.net

4. add CNAME records in dnspod

   	 @ CNAME 207.97.227.245  # for github pages

5. vim blog/source/CNAME

kezunlin.me

google analytics

get google-site-verification from google search console and add to themes/next/layout/_partials/head.swig

<meta name="google-site-verification" content="***" />

get google_analytics and edit themes\next\_config.yml

    google_analytics: UA-***

google structured-data

1. grep search for keywords

    grep -r Organization .
    ./themes/next/layout/_macro/post.swig:    <span hidden itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization">

add logo for publisher

2. edit themes\next\_config.yml and add

   logo: /images/logo.png

3. edit ./themes/next/layout/_macro/post.swig

<span hidden itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization">
    <meta itemprop="name" content="{{ config.title }}">
    <img itemprop="logo" src="{{ url_for( theme.logo ) }}" />
    #<img itemprop="logo" src="/images/logo.png" />
</span> 

baidu zhanzhang

get baidu-site-verification from https://ziyuan.baidu.com/ and add to themes/next/layout/_partials/head.swig

<meta name="baidu-site-verification" content="***" />

360 zhanzhang

get 360-site-verification from http://zhanzhang.so.com/sitetool/ and add to themes/next/layout/_partials/head.swig

<meta name="360-site-verification" content="***" />

gitment for comment

We can use github repo to store blog site’s comments in issues

register OAuth Application

1. visit https://github.com/settings/applications/new
2. fill in blanks, callback URL: https://kezunlin.me
3. get client ID and client secret

gitment config

1. create a new repo named gitment in Github for storing comments in issues
2. edit blog\themes\next\_config.yml

    gitment:
    enable: true
    mint: true # RECOMMEND, A mint on Gitment, to support count, language and proxy_gateway
    count: true # Show comments count in post meta area
    lazy: true # Comments lazy loading with a button
    cleanly: false # Hide 'Powered by ...' on footer, and more
    language: zh-Hans # Force language, or auto switch by theme
    github_user: kezunlin # MUST HAVE, Your Github ID
    github_repo: gitment # MUST HAVE, The repo you use to store Gitment comments
    client_id: <***> # MUST HAVE, Github client id for the Gitment
    client_secret: <***>  # EITHER this or proxy_gateway, Github access secret token for the Gitment
    proxy_gateway: # Address of api proxy, See: https://github.com/aimingoo/intersect
    redirect_protocol: # Protocol of redirect_uri with force_redirect_protocol when mint enabled

Notice

• github_user: kezunlin
• github_repo: gitment

init page comment

1. hexo deploy to deploy blogs
2. visit page and click button Initialize Comment
3. post your first comment.

share

jiathis

register jiathis and get uid

jiathis and baidushare do not support https

baidushare (RE)

fix to support https

    cd blog
    git clone https://github.com/hrwhisper/baiduShare.git
    mv baiduShare source
    #rm -rf baiduShare
    # make sure we can access localhost:4000/baiduShare/static/api/js/share.js

    # edit baidushare.swig
    grep -r 'bdimg.share.baidu.com' .
    vim ./themes/next/layout/_partials/share/baidushare.swig

    # change //bdimg.share.baidu.com/ to /baiduShare
    <script>
    with(document)0[(getElementsByTagName('head')[0]||body).appendChild(createElement('script')).src='/baiduShare/static/api/js/share.js?cdnversion='+~(-new Date()/36e5)];
    </script>

    # there exists a bug in share.js
    hexo generate
    hexo server

stats

busuanzi

edit blog\themes\next\_config.yml

    busuanzi_count:
        # count values only if the other configs are false
        enable: true
        # custom uv span for the whole site
        site_uv: true
        site_uv_header: <i class="fa fa-user"></i> 访问人数
        site_uv_footer:
        # custom pv span for the whole site
        site_pv: true
        site_pv_header: <i class="fa fa-eye"></i> 总访问量
        site_pv_footer:
        # custom pv span for one page only
        page_pv: true
        page_pv_header: <i class="fa fa-eye"></i> 阅读次数
        page_pv_footer:

hexo-all-minifier (not)

npm install hexo-all-minifier --save

edit blog\_config.yml

    all_minifier: true

Tips: not enable minifier currently because not stable.

hexo-neat

npm install hexo-neat --save

edit blog\_config.yml

    # hexo-neat
    neat_enable: true

    neat_html:
        enable: true
        exclude:
  
    neat_css:
        enable: true
        exclude:
            - '*.min.css'

    neat_js:
        enable: true
        mangle: true
        output:
        compress:
        exclude:
            - '*.min.js'

403 error

edit themes/next/layout/_partials/head.swig

<meta name="referrer" content="no-referrer" />

optimize for speed

multiple deploy

deploy to coding.net.

vim themes/next/layout/_partials/footer.swig

<p>Hosted by <a href="https://pages.coding.me" style="font-weight: bold">Coding Pages</a></p>

compress

use hexo-neat or hexo-all-minifier.

Tips: no use, it may cause longer time to load page.

cdn

NOTICE:

We can not use fourth level `####` for header,
otherwise post page will not display properly.

jquery

jquery: https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/jquery/2.1.3/jquery.min.js

gitmint

1. download gitmint files to themes\next\source\lib

    tree gitmint/
    gitmint/
    ├── dist
    │   └── gitmint.browser.js
    └── style
        └── default.css
   
    2 directories, 2 files
   

2. edit ./themes/next/layout/_third-party/comments/gitment.swig

    #<link rel="stylesheet" href="/lib/gitmint/style/default.css">
    #<script src="/lib/gitmint/dist/gitmint.browser.js"></script>

3. edit _config.yml to skip gitmint file

    skip_render: # relative to source/ folder
        - README.md
        - lib/gitmint/dist/*.js
        - lib/gitmint/style/*.css

faq

errors:

hexo -v
ERROR Local hexo not found in /home/kezunlin/git/blog

solution:

cd blog
rm node_modules
cnpm install --save

Reference

• third party services
• gitment
• hexo image manage
• hexo prement link
• using cnblogs and chrome extension to upload iamges
• img uploader
• baidushare support https
• hexo minifier
• hexo neat
• domain dnspod godaddy
• use https
• optimize for speed
• ssl for github blog
• ssl
• github page IP
• google adsense demo site
• google adsense for hexo blog

History

• 2017/12/26: created.
• 2017/12/27: add Appendix,use next theame,add tags/categories page.
• 2017/12/28: add Advanced, use gitment,baidushare,local search,etc.
• 2018/01/02: upload images to cnblogs.
• 2018/01/03: hexo-neat to compress,cdn,etc.
• 2018/01/22: add part2.
• 2018/09/05: add ssl.
• 2019/11/07: reorganize post contents.

Copyright

• Post author: kezunlin
• Post link: https://kezunlin.me/post/98df88a8/
• Copyright Notice: All articles in this blog are licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 unless stating additionally.